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Questions and Answers
Where does the glycolysis process occur in cells?
Where does the glycolysis process occur in cells?
- Mitochondria
- Nucleus
- Cytosol (correct)
- Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the net gain of ATP molecules during glycolysis?
What is the net gain of ATP molecules during glycolysis?
- 4 ATP
- 2 ATP (correct)
- No ATP
- 6 ATP
What is the end product of glycolysis?
What is the end product of glycolysis?
- Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
- Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
- Glucose-6-phosphate
- Pyruvate (correct)
Which enzyme is responsible for converting glucose into glucose-6-phosphate?
Which enzyme is responsible for converting glucose into glucose-6-phosphate?
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What is the role of ATP in the regulation of glycolysis?
What is the role of ATP in the regulation of glycolysis?
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What is the number of NADH molecules produced during glycolysis?
What is the number of NADH molecules produced during glycolysis?
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Study Notes
Overview of Glycolysis
- Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose (a 6-carbon sugar) into pyruvate (a 3-carbon molecule)
- Occurs in the cytosol of cells and is the first step in cellular respiration
- Does not require oxygen (anaerobic process)
Steps of Glycolysis
- Glucose phosphorylation: Glucose is converted into glucose-6-phosphate using one ATP molecule
- Phosphoglucose isomerase: Glucose-6-phosphate is converted into fructose-6-phosphate
- Aldolase: Fructose-6-phosphate is converted into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
- Triosephosphate isomerase: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is converted into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate
- Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
- Phosphoglycerate kinase: 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate is converted into 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP
- Phosphoglycerate mutase: 3-Phosphoglycerate is converted into 2-phosphoglycerate
- Enolase: 2-Phosphoglycerate is converted into enolpyruvate
- Pyruvate kinase: Enolpyruvate is converted into pyruvate and ATP
Net Gain of Glycolysis
- 2 ATP molecules are produced
- 2 NADH molecules are produced
- Pyruvate is produced, which can be used in the citric acid cycle or converted into lactate
Regulation of Glycolysis
- Allosteric regulation by ATP, ADP, and AMP
- Feedback inhibition by ATP and NADH
- Activation by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and insulin
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