Glycolysis: Metabolic Pathway and Function
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Questions and Answers

Glycolysis takes place in the ______ of a cell

cytosol

Glycolysis occurs in the ______ where one 6 carbon molecule of glucose is oxidized to generate two 3 carbon molecules of pyruvate

cytoplasm

Glycolysis has two ______: the investment phase and the payoff phase

phases

First Half of Glycolysis (Energy-Requiring Steps) In the first half of glycolysis, two adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules are used in the ______ of glucose

<p>phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The final output or end product of Glycolysis is two molecules of ______

<p>pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first step of glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to ______

<p>glucose-6-phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glycolysis, which is the first step in all types of cellular respiration is ______ and does not require oxygen

<p>anaerobic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glycolysis is the metabolic process that serves as the foundation for both ______ and anaerobic cellular respiration

<p>aerobic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carbon dioxide is not produced during ______

<p>glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process is so fast that thousands of ATP are produced in just a few ______

<p>milliseconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glycolysis converts glucose into ______

<p>pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glycolysis occurs in the ______

<p>cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glycolysis is an ______ process

<p>oxygen-independent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glycolysis generates a net gain of ______ molecules of ATP

<p>two</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three stages of glycolysis are: Stage 1 (Priming stage), Stage 2 (Splitting stage), and Stage 3 (Oxidoreduction-phosphorylation stage)

Signup and view all the answers

The three key enzymes of glycolysis are ______, ______, and ______

<p>hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule forms the first molecule during the citric acid cycle's reactions?

<p>Citrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the citric acid cycle take place in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the reduced electron carriers (NADH and FADH) generated in the TCA cycle?

<p>Pass their electrons into the electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which individual is credited as the discoverer of the citric acid cycle?

<p>Hans Krebs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecule is acetyl CoA, which serves as the starting material for the citric acid cycle?

<p>Product of pyruvate oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the citric acid cycle based on the number of carboxyl groups present in its first two intermediates?

<p>Tri-carboxylic acid (TCA) cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule combines with oxaloacetate in the first step of the citric acid cycle?

<p>Acetyl CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many carbon dioxide molecules are released during one turn of the citric acid cycle?

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of the fourth step of the citric acid cycle?

<p>FADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is important in regulating the speed of the citric acid cycle during the third step?

<p>Isocitrate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the second step of the citric acid cycle?

<p>Conversion of citrate into its isomer, isocitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is formed in the fourth step and undergoes oxidation in the citric acid cycle?

<p>$\alpha$-ketoglutarate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net gain of ATP or GTP produced during one turn of the citric acid cycle?

<p>1 ATP or GTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is reduced to form FADH during the series of reactions in the citric acid cycle?

<p>$\alpha$-ketoglutarate</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many major steps are included in the citric acid cycle?

<p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

$\alpha$-ketoglutarate is oxidized and reduces which molecule to form NADH?

<p>NAD</p> Signup and view all the answers

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