Glycolysis: Metabolic Pathway and Function

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Glycolysis takes place in the ______ of a cell

cytosol

Glycolysis occurs in the ______ where one 6 carbon molecule of glucose is oxidized to generate two 3 carbon molecules of pyruvate

cytoplasm

Glycolysis has two ______: the investment phase and the payoff phase

phases

First Half of Glycolysis (Energy-Requiring Steps) In the first half of glycolysis, two adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules are used in the ______ of glucose

phosphorylation

The final output or end product of Glycolysis is two molecules of ______

pyruvate

The first step of glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to ______

glucose-6-phosphate

Glycolysis, which is the first step in all types of cellular respiration is ______ and does not require oxygen

anaerobic

Glycolysis is the metabolic process that serves as the foundation for both ______ and anaerobic cellular respiration

aerobic

Carbon dioxide is not produced during ______

glycolysis

The process is so fast that thousands of ATP are produced in just a few ______

milliseconds

Glycolysis converts glucose into ______

pyruvate

Glycolysis occurs in the ______

cytosol

Glycolysis is an ______ process

oxygen-independent

Glycolysis generates a net gain of ______ molecules of ATP

two

The three stages of glycolysis are: Stage 1 (Priming stage), Stage 2 (Splitting stage), and Stage 3 (Oxidoreduction-phosphorylation stage)

The three key enzymes of glycolysis are ______, ______, and ______

hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase

Which molecule forms the first molecule during the citric acid cycle's reactions?

Citrate

Where does the citric acid cycle take place in eukaryotic cells?

Mitochondrial matrix

What is the primary role of the reduced electron carriers (NADH and FADH) generated in the TCA cycle?

Pass their electrons into the electron transport chain

Which individual is credited as the discoverer of the citric acid cycle?

Hans Krebs

What type of molecule is acetyl CoA, which serves as the starting material for the citric acid cycle?

Product of pyruvate oxidation

What is another name for the citric acid cycle based on the number of carboxyl groups present in its first two intermediates?

Tri-carboxylic acid (TCA) cycle

Which molecule combines with oxaloacetate in the first step of the citric acid cycle?

Acetyl CoA

How many carbon dioxide molecules are released during one turn of the citric acid cycle?

2

What is the end product of the fourth step of the citric acid cycle?

FADH

Which enzyme is important in regulating the speed of the citric acid cycle during the third step?

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

What occurs in the second step of the citric acid cycle?

Conversion of citrate into its isomer, isocitrate

Which molecule is formed in the fourth step and undergoes oxidation in the citric acid cycle?

$\alpha$-ketoglutarate

What is the net gain of ATP or GTP produced during one turn of the citric acid cycle?

1 ATP or GTP

Which molecule is reduced to form FADH during the series of reactions in the citric acid cycle?

$\alpha$-ketoglutarate

How many major steps are included in the citric acid cycle?

8

$\alpha$-ketoglutarate is oxidized and reduces which molecule to form NADH?

NAD

Learn about glycolysis, the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate in the cytosol. Discover its function and how it generates ATP in an oxygen-independent process.

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