Glycolysis: Biochemistry and Reaction Steps

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What is the purpose of the allosteric control in glycolysis?

To increase the rate of glycolysis

To catalyze the reaction of glycolysis

To provide an alternative pathway for pyruvate

To regulate the flow of energy in the cell (correct)

What is the fate of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen in human muscles?

It's converted to acetyl-CoA

It's converted to lactic acid (correct)

It's converted to acetaldyde

It's converted to ethanol

What is the purpose of recycling NAD+ in glycolysis?

To provide energy for the cell

To generate ATP

To prevent a decrease in oxidation reactions (correct)

To increase the rate of glycolysis

What is the product of glycolysis that needs to know its structure?

Pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

What are the three control points in glycolysis?

Hexokinase, Phosphofructokinase, and Pyruvate kinase Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen in yeast?

It's converted to acetaldyde and then to ethanol Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme that converts pyruvate to lactate?

Lactate dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen in mammals?

It's converted to acetyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of catabolism in cells?

To break down macromolecules to produce energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the universal energy currency in cells?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pathway that breaks down glucose to produce energy?

Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sum of all reactions in a cell?

Metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond joins the first phosphoryl group to the 5-carbon sugar ribose in ATP?

Phosphoester bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sequence of metabolic reactions in a cell?

Metabolic Pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glycolysis in cellular energy production?

To break down glucose to produce energy Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of cellular work that require energy?

Muscle contraction, nerve impulses, biosynthesis, and transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Stage I in catabolism?

To degrade food molecules into component subunits Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy source that is readily used by the body?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of catabolism is Acetyl CoA produced?

Stage II Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the citric acid cycle?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycolysis?

To break down glucose to produce energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to pyruvate?

Production of ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of pyruvate after it is formed in glycolysis?

It has one of several fates Signup and view all the answers

How many molecules of pyruvate are formed from one molecule of glucose in glycolysis?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the Citric Acid Cycle that generates 3 ATP?

GTP Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the Citric Acid Cycle that is released as a waste product?

CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP gain from the breakdown of one glucose molecule?

38 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Vitamin B1 in the Citric Acid Cycle?

It is necessary for the conversion of citrate to isocitrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the breakdown of 2 pyruvate molecules?

2 Acetyl-CoA and 2 NADH Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP are generated from 1 NADH?

2.5 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Citric Acid Cycle?

To produce NADH and FADH2 for the Electron Transport Chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of Acetyl-CoA in the Citric Acid Cycle?

It enters the Citric Acid Cycle and produces ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of electrons being passed down the electron transport chain?

An increase in proton concentration in the Inter-membrane space Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the proton gradient established in the electron transport chain?

To synthesize ATP Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are generated when a pair of electrons passes from NADH to O2 through Complexes I, III, and IV?