Glycolysis: Biochemistry and Reaction Steps
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the allosteric control in glycolysis?

  • To increase the rate of glycolysis
  • To catalyze the reaction of glycolysis
  • To provide an alternative pathway for pyruvate
  • To regulate the flow of energy in the cell (correct)

    • What is the fate of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen in human muscles?

  • It's converted to acetyl-CoA
  • It's converted to lactic acid (correct)
  • It's converted to acetaldyde
  • It's converted to ethanol

    • What is the purpose of recycling NAD+ in glycolysis?

  • To provide energy for the cell
  • To generate ATP
  • To prevent a decrease in oxidation reactions (correct)
  • To increase the rate of glycolysis

    • What is the product of glycolysis that needs to know its structure?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three control points in glycolysis?

    <p>Hexokinase, Phosphofructokinase, and Pyruvate kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen in yeast?

    <p>It's converted to acetaldyde and then to ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme that converts pyruvate to lactate?

    <p>Lactate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen in mammals?

    <p>It's converted to acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of catabolism in cells?

    <p>To break down macromolecules to produce energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the universal energy currency in cells?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the pathway that breaks down glucose to produce energy?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sum of all reactions in a cell?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond joins the first phosphoryl group to the 5-carbon sugar ribose in ATP?

    <p>Phosphoester bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sequence of metabolic reactions in a cell?

    <p>Metabolic Pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glycolysis in cellular energy production?

    <p>To break down glucose to produce energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four types of cellular work that require energy?

    <p>Muscle contraction, nerve impulses, biosynthesis, and transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Stage I in catabolism?

    <p>To degrade food molecules into component subunits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy source that is readily used by the body?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of catabolism is Acetyl CoA produced?

    <p>Stage II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the citric acid cycle?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glycolysis?

    <p>To break down glucose to produce energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to pyruvate?

    <p>Production of ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of pyruvate after it is formed in glycolysis?

    <p>It has one of several fates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many molecules of pyruvate are formed from one molecule of glucose in glycolysis?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the Citric Acid Cycle that generates 3 ATP?

    <p>GTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of the Citric Acid Cycle that is released as a waste product?

    <p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net ATP gain from the breakdown of one glucose molecule?

    <p>38 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Vitamin B1 in the Citric Acid Cycle?

    <p>It is necessary for the conversion of citrate to isocitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the breakdown of 2 pyruvate molecules?

    <p>2 Acetyl-CoA and 2 NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP are generated from 1 NADH?

    <p>2.5 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Citric Acid Cycle?

    <p>To produce NADH and FADH2 for the Electron Transport Chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of Acetyl-CoA in the Citric Acid Cycle?

    <p>It enters the Citric Acid Cycle and produces ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of electrons being passed down the electron transport chain?

    <p>An increase in proton concentration in the Inter-membrane space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the proton gradient established in the electron transport chain?

    <p>To synthesize ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are generated when a pair of electrons passes from NADH to O2 through Complexes I, III, and IV?

    <p>2.5 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complex through which protons flow back to the Matrix to generate ATP?

    <p>ATP Synthase Complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the electron transport chain in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>To pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are generated when a pair of electrons passes from FADH2 to O2 through Complexes II, III, and IV?

    <p>1.5 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the protons pumped across the mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation accumulate?

    <p>In the Inter-membrane space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net result of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>The conversion of ADP to ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

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