Glycolysis: Biochemistry and Reaction Steps
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the allosteric control in glycolysis?

  • To increase the rate of glycolysis
  • To catalyze the reaction of glycolysis
  • To provide an alternative pathway for pyruvate
  • To regulate the flow of energy in the cell (correct)

What is the fate of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen in human muscles?

  • It's converted to acetyl-CoA
  • It's converted to lactic acid (correct)
  • It's converted to acetaldyde
  • It's converted to ethanol

What is the purpose of recycling NAD+ in glycolysis?

  • To provide energy for the cell
  • To generate ATP
  • To prevent a decrease in oxidation reactions (correct)
  • To increase the rate of glycolysis

What is the product of glycolysis that needs to know its structure?

<p>Pyruvate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three control points in glycolysis?

<p>Hexokinase, Phosphofructokinase, and Pyruvate kinase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen in yeast?

<p>It's converted to acetaldyde and then to ethanol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme that converts pyruvate to lactate?

<p>Lactate dehydrogenase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen in mammals?

<p>It's converted to acetyl-CoA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of catabolism in cells?

<p>To break down macromolecules to produce energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the universal energy currency in cells?

<p>ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pathway that breaks down glucose to produce energy?

<p>Glycolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sum of all reactions in a cell?

<p>Metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond joins the first phosphoryl group to the 5-carbon sugar ribose in ATP?

<p>Phosphoester bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sequence of metabolic reactions in a cell?

<p>Metabolic Pathway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glycolysis in cellular energy production?

<p>To break down glucose to produce energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of cellular work that require energy?

<p>Muscle contraction, nerve impulses, biosynthesis, and transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Stage I in catabolism?

<p>To degrade food molecules into component subunits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy source that is readily used by the body?

<p>Carbohydrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of catabolism is Acetyl CoA produced?

<p>Stage II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the citric acid cycle?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycolysis?

<p>To break down glucose to produce energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to pyruvate?

<p>Production of ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of pyruvate after it is formed in glycolysis?

<p>It has one of several fates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many molecules of pyruvate are formed from one molecule of glucose in glycolysis?

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the Citric Acid Cycle that generates 3 ATP?

<p>GTP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the Citric Acid Cycle that is released as a waste product?

<p>CO2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP gain from the breakdown of one glucose molecule?

<p>38 ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Vitamin B1 in the Citric Acid Cycle?

<p>It is necessary for the conversion of citrate to isocitrate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the breakdown of 2 pyruvate molecules?

<p>2 Acetyl-CoA and 2 NADH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP are generated from 1 NADH?

<p>2.5 ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Citric Acid Cycle?

<p>To produce NADH and FADH2 for the Electron Transport Chain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of Acetyl-CoA in the Citric Acid Cycle?

<p>It enters the Citric Acid Cycle and produces ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of electrons being passed down the electron transport chain?

<p>An increase in proton concentration in the Inter-membrane space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the proton gradient established in the electron transport chain?

<p>To synthesize ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are generated when a pair of electrons passes from NADH to O2 through Complexes I, III, and IV?

<p>2.5 ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complex through which protons flow back to the Matrix to generate ATP?

<p>ATP Synthase Complex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the electron transport chain in oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>To pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are generated when a pair of electrons passes from FADH2 to O2 through Complexes II, III, and IV?

<p>1.5 ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the protons pumped across the mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation accumulate?

<p>In the Inter-membrane space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net result of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>The conversion of ADP to ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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