Glutamate and GABA in the CNS
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Glutamate and GABA in the CNS

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@AltruisticLogic

Questions and Answers

Which neurotransmitter is characterized as a major inhibitory transmitter in the CNS?

  • Glutamate
  • Kainic acid
  • Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (correct)
  • Aspartate
  • Which type of glutamate receptor subtype is coupled to G proteins and leads to long-term changes in neuronal functions/neuronal plasticity?

  • NMDA receptors (correct)
  • AMPA receptors
  • Kainic acid receptors
  • Delta receptors
  • What is the effect of GABAA receptor activation?

  • Sodium ion efflux
  • Chloride ion influx and subsequent hyperpolarization (correct)
  • Neuronal excitation
  • Potassium ion influx
  • Which amino acid is characterized as an excitatory amino acid found in very high concentrations in the brain?

    <p>Glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major role of glutamate in the CNS?

    <p>Neuronal excitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glutamate receptor subtype is characterized as an ionotropic receptor?

    <p>NMDA receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptor is the GABAA receptor?

    <p>Ligand-gated Cl- ion channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion enters the neuron upon activation of the GABAA receptor?

    <p>Chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major excitatory amino acids found in very high concentrations in the brain?

    <p>Glutamate and aspartate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glutamate receptor subtype is named after its most selective agonist that activates it?

    <p>AMPA receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptor is the NMDA receptor?

    <p>Ionotropic receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when NMDA receptors are activated due to high/sustained stimulation?

    <p>Mg2+ ion block is removed; Na+ and Ca2+ enter neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of GABAB receptor activation?

    <p>Increases conductance of an associated K+ channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of adjuvant analgesics acts by inhibiting norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake?

    <p>Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major site of action for gabapentin in providing analgesia?

    <p>Presynaptic nerve terminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of NMDA receptor antagonists in the context of pain management?

    <p>Inhibit central sensitization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is primarily used to counter the effects of peripheral sensitization?

    <p>Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action underlying the use of capsaicin as an analgesic?

    <p>Activates TRPV1 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purported effect of rubefacients upon application?

    <p>Induce analgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major site of action for TCA-associated analgesia?

    <p>Presynaptic reuptake receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected by the mechanism of action of GABAB receptor activation?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pharmacokinetic characteristic of gabapentin?

    <p>Renal elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action underlying the use of menthol as an analgesic?

    <p>Desensitizes nociceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of action for NMDA receptor antagonists in pain management?

    <p>Postsynaptic nerve terminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

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