30 Questions
Which drug class reduces glucose absorption by decreasing the conversion of carbohydrates to monomers and increasing release of GLP-1?
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
What is the mechanism of action of amylin analogs in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia?
Decreased carbohydrate absorption
Which drug acts by activating dopamine D2 receptors to decrease hypothalamic activation?
Bromocriptine
Which medication can be used as an adjunctive agent to insulin and has a main adverse effect of hypoglycemia?
Amylin analog
What is the primary function of glucagon in the body?
Promote gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver
Which medication keeps the K+ ATP-channel on beta-cells open, leading to inhibition of insulin secretion?
Sulfonylureas
What is the main effect of diazoxide on insulin secretion?
Decreased insulin release
What is the role of Gs-coupled glucagon receptors activation in the body?
Increase cAMP levels and promote actions opposing insulin
How do amylin analogs affect glucagon secretion in diabetic patients?
Decrease glucagon secretion
What is the main mechanism of action of A-glucosidase inhibitors acarbose and miglitol?
Inhibit conversion of carbohydrates to monomers for absorption
Which of the following hormones is known for acting via nuclear receptors to modulate gene transcription in target cells?
Thyroid hormones
Which cell type in the endocrine pancreas produces insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide, and amylin?
Beta cells
What is the primary function of somatostatin in the endocrine system?
Inhibit hormone secretion
Which of the following hormones exerts rapid effects on signal transduction pathways via membrane receptors?
Insulin
What type of hormone is insulin considered to be?
Peptide hormone
Which class of hormones includes insulin as one of its members?
GLP-1 agonists
Metformin is commonly used to treat which condition?
Type 2 diabetes
Sulfonylureas are medications commonly used to:
Stimulate insulin release
SGLT2 inhibitors are known to primarily act by:
Reducing glucose reabsorption
GLP-1 agonists are beneficial in diabetes as they:
Enhance insulin secretion
Metformin is unique because it does NOT typically cause:
Weight gain
What is a common side effect associated with sulfonylureas use?
Hypoglycemia
Which of the following best describes how metformin affects glucose production?
Inhibits mitochondrial respiration chain
What is the main transporter for renal glucose reabsorption against the gradient?
SGLT2 transporter
Which drug class primarily leads to increased glucose excretion via glycosuria?
SGLT2 inhibitors
How does metformin affect insulin sensitivity?
Increases insulin sensitivity
Which ADR is commonly associated with SGLT2 inhibitors?
Increased risk of urinary tract infections
What is the major effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on glucose threshold for excretion?
Decrease threshold to 50 mg/dL
What distinguishes metformin from other antidiabetic drugs in terms of hypoglycemic risk?
It lacks any hypoglycemic risk
Which drug class mainly focuses on reducing glucose reabsorption in the kidneys?
SGLT2 inhibitors
Test your knowledge about drugs that reduce glucose absorption, including A-glucosidase inhibitors, amylin analogs, and bromocriptine. Learn about their mechanisms of action, effects on glucose levels, and more.
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