Glosario de Términos Financieros

Glossary of Financial Terms

• Activo: Represents a company's assets and rights. Examples include cash, inventory, and fixed assets, as well as accounts receivable and market investments.

• Private Savings: The difference between a household or business's income and consumption.

• Price Increase (Alza): A trend of rising prices for goods or money.

• Amortization: Gradual debt reduction through periodic payments on borrowed capital.

• Financial Analysis: A set of principles, techniques, and procedures used to transform financial statements into actionable information for economic decisions like investments, mergers, or loans.

• Audit: A professional review of a company's documents and information by an external entity. This results in an independent opinion on the company's financial reports and their adherence to generally accepted accounting principles.

• Bank: A financial intermediary that accepts deposits, makes loans, and provides other financial services.

• Central Bank: A country's central bank issues its national currency, regulates its financial markets, and implements monetary policies.

• Beneficiary: The person or entity who receives an asset or financial contract.

• Benchmark: A standard for comparison.

• Consumer Goods: Items that satisfy human needs.

• Goods Received as Payment: Goods given by a borrower as partial or full payment for a debt they couldn't otherwise pay.

• Check Exchange (Canje de un Cheque): The period when funds related to a check are transferred between banks.

• Capital: The total resources, assets, and values used to establish and run a business. Represents investment by owners, partners, or shareholders.

• Certificate of Deposit (CDT): A certificate given for deposited sums of money, typically with terms ranging from 30 days to several years. Interest rates vary based on term, amount, and market conditions.

• Check (Cheque): A written order to a bank to pay a specified amount of money to a named payee.

• Commission: A percentage fee paid to a third party for services rendered, often in financial markets.

• Consumption: The portion of income not saved or paid as taxes.

• Consumer Credit: Loans to individuals for personal use, typically for the purchase of consumer goods.

• Checking Account: A bank account allowing easy access to funds (often using a checkbook). Funds in checking accounts typically don't earn interest.

• Savings Account: A bank account intended primary to save funds. These accounts often pay interest on the balance.

• Debit: To decrease the balance of an account.

• Demand Deposit(Deposit a la Vista): A deposit in a financial institution that is payable on demand.

• Debt: Borrowed funds, that must be repaid with interest.

• Endorsement(Endoso): The signature on the back of a check or other negotiable instrument, transferring the ownership of the instrument.

• Statement of Account: A record of debit and credit transactions for a particular account over a specific period.

• Financing: Providing funds when and where they are needed.

• National Fund for Financial Guarantees: A government institution that protects depositors and creditors of financial institutions.

• International Monetary Fund: An international financial institution focused on stabilizing the global financial system.

• Investment Grade: A designation for securities with a low risk of default.

• Lien (Gravamaen): A legal claim on an asset as security for a debt.

• Corporate Group(Grupo Empresarial): Related companies viewed as a group for legal or tax purposes.

• Liability (Pasivo): Obligations or debts of a company to others.

• Income (Haber): A person's assets, possessions.

• Professional Fee (Honorario): Compensation for professional services.

• Illiquidity: Insufficient cash on hand to run normal business operations.

• Tax (Impuesto): A compulsory fee levied by the government.

• Indicator (Indicador): A figure that represents the state of something.

• Consumer Price Index (IPC): A measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a basket of consumer goods and services.

• Inflation: A general increase in prices of goods and services in an economy over a period.

• Interest: The cost of borrowing money, or the return on invested capital.

• Simple Interest: Interest calculated only on the principal amount, over a duration of time.

• Compound Interest: Interest calculated on both the principal and accumulated interest, over a period of time.

• Investment: Application of funds to achieve financial gain in the future.

• Investment Manager (inversionista): A person or organization that manages investments.

• Law or Statute (Ley): A formal declaration of a country's law.

• Liquidity: The ability to quickly convert assets into cash, without significant loss of value.

• Market: A place, process or system where goods, services, and information are traded.

• Financial market Place where financial instruments like stocks, bonds and currencies are traded.

• Financial Institution(Institución financiera): Company engaged in taking deposits, providing loans, and other financial transactions.

• Nominal Interest Rate: The stated interest rate, before accounting for inflation.

• Effective Interest Rate: Interest rate that considers the impact of the compounding effect over time.

• Complaint/Claim (Queja or Reclamo): Formal expression of dissatisfaction with a product or service.

• Refiancance (Refianciación): Obtaining funds from a different lender to pay off an existing loan or debt.

• Return on Investment (Rendimiento): The financial benefit obtained from an investment.

• Profitability (Rentabilidad): The profit generated relative to the investment amount.

• Fixed Income (Renta FiJA): Investments with a fixed interest rate or payment schedule.

• Compound Interest Profitability: Calculation of returns based on compounding interest.

• Annual Effective Profitability: Calculation of returns based on annual compounding with reinvestment of interest earned.

• Risk: The potential for loss or failure in an investment or financial activity.

• Balance (Saldo): Current total of assets or liabilities.

• Financial Sector: The group of companies involved in financial services.

• Public Limited company (Sociedad Anonima): A company whose ownership is divided into shares.

• Exchange Rate (Tasa de Cambio): The value of one currency in terms of another.

• Interest Rate (Tasa de Interes): The percentage charged for borrowing money or earned on investments.

• Account (Cuenta): A record of transactions for various business operations.

• Title Values(Títulos Valor): Certificates representing rights and obligations.

Explora un glosario completo de términos financieros esenciales. Este cuestionario abarca conceptos clave como activos, ahorro privado, amortización, y más, que son fundamentales para entender el ámbito financiero. Ideal para estudiantes y profesionales que deseen fortalecer su vocabulario financiero.