Global Security and Nuclear Proliferation Study

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Questions and Answers

What major distinction is made between types of human rights?

Civil political rights and economic social rights (correct)

Economic social rights and environmental rights

Universal rights and cultural rights

Civil political rights and natural rights

Which group is most commonly associated with lone actor terrorist attacks in the West?

Cybercriminals

Political extremists (correct)

Environmental activists

Economic terrorists

What principle emphasizes the application of human rights universally?

Nationalism

Realism

Self-determination

Universalism (correct)

What has shown progress in human rights protections post-war?

Universal Declaration of Human Rights Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for the decline in wars between states?

More democracies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the impact of violence on civilians during conflicts?

Civilians are targeted for violence as a means of control Signup and view all the answers

What kind of rights are associated with the Millennium Development Goals?

Economic and social rights Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect best describes the role of alliances among terrorist groups?

They enhance connections through shared ideology Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary reasons North Korea pursues nuclear weapons?

To deter attacks from South Korea, Japan, and the US Signup and view all the answers

Why is Iran less likely to be considered a threat compared to North Korea?

Iran's economy is devastated due to sanctions from previous agreements Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes personalist dictatorships like North Korea in terms of danger?

They have fewer limits on power and constrain few domestic costs Signup and view all the answers

Which tactic is commonly used by terrorist groups to create chaos and spread fear?

Indiscriminate violence using weapons, including bombs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a goal of terrorism?

Establish religious and/or political change Signup and view all the answers

What challenges do personalist dictatorships pose in regard to nuclear weapons?

They are less predictable and more likely to use nuclear weapons Signup and view all the answers

Which group is currently on the decline according to the trends in terrorism?

Islamic States Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines terrorism based on its perpetrators and victims?

Acts by both states and non-state actors targeting military and civilian victims Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary justification for war according to realism?

War can be offensive or defensive depending on the situation. Signup and view all the answers

Which institution is primarily associated with facilitating peace and reducing uncertainty?

United Nations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between horizontal and vertical nuclear proliferation?

Vertical proliferation is about new states acquiring nuclear arms, whereas horizontal proliferation refers to existing nuclear states increasing their arsenals. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main pillars of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)?

Non-nuclear states are prohibited from acquiring nuclear weapons. Signup and view all the answers

What role does NATO primarily play according to the content provided?

Engaging in collective security and counterterrorism efforts. Signup and view all the answers

Why might a state pursue nuclear weapons according to the content?

To gain international recognition and respect. Signup and view all the answers

What is NATO's relevance in the context of the war in Ukraine?

NATO is actively supporting Ukraine's efforts to join the alliance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of Russia's nuclear doctrine in relation to state security?

Nuclear weapons are a tool for deterring adversaries only in specific high-risk situations. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main reasons Russia provided for its actions towards Ukraine?

Russia argued that Ukraine was far right and hostile. Signup and view all the answers

What concept challenges traditional views of sovereignty during humanitarian intervention?

Responsibility to Protect Doctrine Signup and view all the answers

Which institution was established to promote economic stability after World War II?

Bretton Woods Institutions Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of implementing Trump Tariffs?

Decrease in job opportunities in the U.S. Signup and view all the answers

What defines extreme poverty according to global measures?

Living on less than $2.15 a day. Signup and view all the answers

How does the orthodox view define development?

As the pursuit of economic growth. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant cause of inequality as mentioned in the content?

Distribution of income across populations. Signup and view all the answers

What does the World Bank aim to achieve?

Reducing extreme poverty and fostering income growth of the bottom 40%. Signup and view all the answers

Why are tariffs imposed on foreign goods significant for domestic consumers?

They typically cause prices on domestic goods to rise. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge in the context of humanitarian intervention?

Conflict over national sovereignty. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of alliances formed among terrorist groups?

They facilitate the exchange of resources and ideology. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the realist perspective on human rights?

Self-interest and sovereignty are prioritized over human rights. Signup and view all the answers

Which document asserts that all human beings are born free and equal?

Universal Declaration of Human Rights Signup and view all the answers

How do civilians typically experience conflicts in terms of violence?

They are disproportionately targeted as a means of control. Signup and view all the answers

What has contributed to the decrease in wars between states?

Economic interdependence among nations. Signup and view all the answers

What significant issue is associated with the treatment of Uyghurs in China?

Harsh punishments and concentration camps. Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the violent conflicts occurring within a country's borders?

Civil wars Signup and view all the answers

What role does the UN Human Rights Council typically play in the context of human rights?

Conducting investigations and holding nations accountable. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of realism in international relations?

Self-help in an anarchic environment Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is emphasized by liberalism in the context of global security?

Creation of institutions that foster trust Signup and view all the answers

What does horizontal proliferation refer to in nuclear terms?

The spread of nuclear capabilities to more countries Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)?

Non-nuclear states are prohibited from acquiring nuclear weapons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately reflects the relevance of NATO in the war in Ukraine?

NATO states have been actively involved in providing military support Signup and view all the answers

What reason do states often cite for pursuing nuclear weapons?

To serve as a symbol of prestige and hard power Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant threat ranked in global security discussions?

Climate change Signup and view all the answers

How does realism justify the legitimacy of war?

Offensive and defensive wars are both considered justified Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary goals of terrorist groups as highlighted in the content?

To achieve religious and/or political change Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates personalist dictatorships like North Korea from other forms of government in terms of danger?

Leaders with no restrictions on their power Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant effect of the sanctions imposed on Iran?

Devastated the nation economically Signup and view all the answers

What is a common tactic employed by terrorist groups to instill fear?

Indiscriminate violence using bombs and light weaponry Signup and view all the answers

Why does North Korea seek to deter attacks from South Korea, Japan, and the US?

To ensure the survival of the state and Kim regime Signup and view all the answers

How are terrorist groups classified in terms of perpetrators?

Both states and non-state actors Signup and view all the answers

Which regional threat does Iran aim to deter through nuclear capabilities?

Israel Signup and view all the answers

What is the current status of the Islamic States group?

Diminishing and geographically spread out Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of Russia regarding Ukraine's geopolitical movements?

Ukraine's potential entry into the EU Signup and view all the answers

How does the Responsibility to Protect Doctrine redefine traditional sovereignty?

It makes humanitarian intervention more permissible under certain conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason Trump Tariffs may negatively impact consumers?

They increase prices on both foreign and domestic goods Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of the Bretton Woods institutions established after WWII?

Preventing another global depression Signup and view all the answers

Which type of poverty is defined as having less than $2.15 a day?

Extreme poverty Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does humanitarian intervention often face?

Legitimacy in international law Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant implication of inequality in economic contexts?

It can breed conflict and political instability Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the alternative view of development from the orthodox view?

Focus on democracy and equality rather than just economic growth Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable benefit of foreign aid according to the goals set by organizations like the World Bank?

It aims to reduce extreme poverty and promote sustainable development. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a key role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

To lend to countries that face financial crisis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

WP Final Exam Study Notes

Global Security:
- Realists believe anarchy makes states aggressive, needing self-help. Wars are seen as justified (offensive or defensive).
- Liberals believe institutions create peace by fostering trust and reducing uncertainty. Wars are only justified defensively.
- Institutions like the UN and alliances reduce uncertainty.
- NATO is a Western European and North American alliance focusing on collective security, counterterrorism, and humanitarian intervention.
- Global threats include climate change, cyber insecurity, and other issues.
- Nuclear proliferation: Horizontal proliferation is the spread of nuclear capabilities across states. Vertical proliferation is the increase in the number of weapons within a country. The US, UK, China, France, Russia, India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Israel possess nuclear weapons. Security is a primary motivating factor for states acquiring nuclear weapons, along with prestige and the desire to deter attacks.
- Role of institutions: Institutions play a crucial role in facilitating peace and democracy, fostering trust and reducing uncertainty.

Nuclear Proliferation

Horizontal proliferation: spread of nuclear weapons to more states.
Vertical proliferation: increase in number and type of nuclear weapons within a state.
Key states with nuclear weapons include: US, UK, China, France, Russia, India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Israel.
Security concerns are a primary driver for states acquiring nuclear weapons, along with prestige and the desire to deter attacks.

Terrorism

Terrorism is indiscriminate violence by states or non-state groups to create chaos and spread fear, targeting civilians.
Tactics often include attacks on public spaces, use of light weaponry, bombs (suicide, IEDs), and kidnappings.
Goals vary and include religious and/or political change.
Islamic State and Hamas are two deadliest groups, though both are geographically dispersed and fragmented.
Terrorism is a common issue in most troubled countries.
Terrorist trends: Terrorism is related to 90% of affected countries in the West; common forms include political extremism, nationalism, and religious supremacism. Lone actors are a common form of terrorist attack.

Human Rights

Debate: Universalism vs. Realism in human rights. Universalists argue that human rights apply to everyone, while realists believe protecting them isn't always in a state's best interest.
Countries prioritize self-interest and sovereignty.
Case Study: China's treatment of Uyghurs in concentration camps and violations of religious and other human rights.
War and Civil Wars: Civilians are disproportionately affected in conflict. Violence may be used as a mechanism to control civilians.
Violations: Rights to freedom of religion, violence-free living, and feelings of safety are often violated.

Economy and Environment

Bretton Woods Institutions: Established after World War II, they promote economic stability and reduce the risk of global depression.
IMF: A lending institution that provides financial support to countries facing financial crises, while acting as a means of establishing international economic stability. The IMF acts as a lender to countries that cannot afford to pay their bills. It has a significant impact on other countries.
Global Trade: Tariffs and economic interdependence can foster or hinder cooperation between nations. The significance of the flow of goods and institutions to manage trade involves agreements about global trade and economic competitiveness between countries.
Economic stability: Maintaining economic stability is considered vital to preventing war.
Global Economy and Security: Economic stability reduces the probability of war.

Poverty and Development

Economic inequality and poverty measurement: Measuring poverty by income, wellbeing, or other means.
Poverty leads to conflict and instability. External solutions and development help to combat inequality.
Differences in poverty across the world are addressed in development and other related solutions.
Poverty: Extreme poverty is measured globally as less than $2.15 per day, relative poverty is measured differently depending on the country.
Development: Orthodox views on development focus on economic growth, while alternative views focus on meeting basic material and non-material needs.

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Description

This quiz focuses on global security concepts, examining the theories of realism and liberalism regarding state behavior and war. It also covers the framework of international institutions like NATO and the critical issue of nuclear proliferation, detailing horizontal and vertical proliferation. Prepare to test your knowledge on these vital topics in international relations.