International Relations: Nuclear Proliferation

Horizontal proliferation

Nuclear latency

US and Russian nuclear modernization

<p>Nuclear hedging</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latency is possessing the technology to quickly build nuclear weapons, while hedging is maintaining a viable option for the rapid acquisition of nuclear weapons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Waystation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding the motivations behind state acquisition of nuclear weapons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vertical Proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the spread of nuclear weapons to more countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A country's pursuit of nuclear weapons without openly declaring its intentions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Why states pursue nuclear weapons despite the risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The motivations behind state acquisition of nuclear weapons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlling trade and export of sensitive technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To influence the desire or need for weapons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imposing economic sanctions on countries that pursue weapon programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish voluntary standards for weapon acquisition and possession</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dissuading or impeding access to, or distribution of, sensitive technologies, material, and expertise</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vertical proliferation refers to a qualitative or quantitative increase in the weapons held by an actor, whereas horizontal proliferation refers to an increase in the number of actors who possess and can use a type of weapon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latency refers to possessing the technology to quickly build nuclear weapons, without having done so, whereas hedging refers to a national strategy of maintaining a viable option for the relatively rapid acquisition of nuclear weapons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary goal of nonproliferation policies is to prevent the spread of weapons, whereas disarmament initiatives aim to reduce or eliminate existing stockpiles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Waystations are stopping points on an actor's effort to acquire weapons, which can lead to endpoints such as testing, deployment, or latency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Qualitative increases refer to improvements in the quality of weapons, while quantitative increases refer to the growth in the number of weapons, and both are relevant to arms modernization and vertical proliferation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latency and hedging are important concepts in understanding the proliferation risks associated with dual-use technologies, and addressing them is crucial for achieving nonproliferation and disarmament goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary objective of nonproliferation policies is to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction by dissuading or impeding access to, or distribution of, sensitive technologies, material, and expertise. Nonproliferation policies differ from arms control and disarmament in that they focus on preventing the spread of weapons, rather than reducing the number of existing weapons or eliminating them altogether.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supply-side nonproliferation policies seek to impede access to and distribution of sensitive technologies, material, and expertise, whereas demand-side nonproliferation policies seek to influence the desire or need for weapons, and dissuade or deter actors from acquiring them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multilateral norms and treaties play a key role in nonproliferation efforts by establishing voluntary standards and rules for the development, deployment, and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive incentives, such as preferential trading status or security alliances, seek to encourage cooperation and compliance with nonproliferation efforts, whereas negative incentives, such as economic sanctions or military threats, seek to coerce or compel actors to cease their proliferation efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Sagan/Waltz debate represents a key disagreement between scholars on the effectiveness of nonproliferation policies and the consequences of proliferation, with Sagan arguing that proliferation is a significant problem and Waltz arguing that it is not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonproliferation and disarmament are complementary efforts that aim to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction and reduce the number of existing weapons, respectively. Both efforts contribute to international peace and security by reducing the risk of nuclear conflict and promoting a more stable and secure international environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Security and survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Horizontal proliferation refers to the spread of nuclear weapons to more countries, while vertical proliferation refers to the increase in the number of nuclear weapons possessed by a country that already has them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent or slow the spread of nuclear weapons to more countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear hedging refers to the possession of the technology to quickly build nuclear weapons, without having done so, implying a country's ability to rapidly acquire nuclear capabilities if needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Demand-side policies focus on reducing the demand for nuclear weapons by addressing the security concerns of states, whereas supply-side policies focus on controlling the supply of nuclear materials and technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and reduce the risk of nuclear conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers