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Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of the reported decline in the airline industry?
Which of the following best defines malnutrition?
What is an indication that a child is experiencing stunting?
Which macronutrient is NOT mentioned in the provided content?
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Which condition is not a result of micronutrient deficiency?
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What percentage of the global population is estimated to have mobile connectivity as of 2019?
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Which group of malnutrition is characterized by low weight-for-height?
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What is the primary cause of chronic micronutrient deficiency in developing countries?
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What was the global GDP share of manufacturing in 2019?
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At what BMI is a person considered obese?
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Which of the following diseases is not categorized as diet-related noncommunicable?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of overweight and obesity malnutrition?
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What percentage of the world's population suffers from moderate to severe food insecurity?
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Which micronutrient deficiency is linked to cognitive impairments such as cretinism?
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What has contributed to the global rise in obesity rates?
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What trend did global GDP share in agriculture experience from 2001 to 2018?
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Which country has the largest population share in the world?
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What does ecological footprint measure?
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What is a consequence of high mortality rates in a population?
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What is a primary benefit of promoting sustainability?
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What aspect does fertility specifically measure?
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Which of the following factors does not reduce population density?
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What is a common limitation of measuring ecological footprints?
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Which practice can contribute to sustainability?
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Study Notes
### Global Economic Trends
- International airline passenger counts, seat capacity, and revenues are predicted to decline drastically.
- Manufacturing value in 2019 increased only by 1.5% from the previous year due to tariffs and trade tension.
- This growth was the slowest since 2012.
- Global R&D budget increased from 1.5% of GDP in 2000 to 1.7% in 2015.
- 96.5% of the world has access to at least a 2G connection, while 81.8% has LTE coverage.
- Global GDP share of manufacturing increased to 12.4% from 10% in 2010.
Nutrition
- Macronutrients include carbs, proteins, and fats.
- Micronutrients include vitamins and minerals.
- Reference Intakes (RIs) show maximum daily consumption for nutrients.
- Malnutrition includes deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in nutrient and energy intake.
Malnutrition
- Undernutrition includes wasting, stunting, and underweight.
- Wasting is low weight-for-height due to recent food deprivation or illness.
- Stunting is low height-for-age due to long-term undernutrition.
- Underweight is low weight for age, encompassing both stunting and wasting.
- Micronutrient deficiencies cause health problems - lack of iron causes iron deficiency anemia (IDA).
- Iodine deficiency can lead to goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, and mental retardation.
- Vitamin A deficiency causes poor vision and compromises the immune system.
Obesity
- Overweight and obesity are defined by Body Mass Index (BMI) over 25 and 30, respectively.
- Obesity is rising globally due to increased consumption of energy-dense foods and decreased physical activity.
Diet-Related Noncommunicable Diseases
- These diseases include stroke, heart attack, high blood pressure, some cancers, and diabetes.
- They arise from imbalanced diets high in fats and sugars.
Nutrition Issues in the Philippines
- This is a placeholder for a section focusing on nutrition issues specific to the Philippines.
SDG 2: Zero Hunger
- 26.4% of the world’s population experiences moderate to severe food insecurity, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America.
- Stunting and chronic malnutrition in children under 5 years old decreased from 23.1% in 2015 to 21.3% in 2019.
- 75% of these children are from sub-Saharan Africa and Central to Southern Asia.
- Global GDP share in agriculture declined from 0.42% to 0.28% from 2001 to 2018.
- Financial aid to the agriculture sector has also decreased since the 1980s.
Factors Affecting Population
- Fecundity is the physical ability to reproduce, while fertility is the actual number of offspring produced.
- Immigration involves individuals entering a population, increasing its density.
- Emigration involves individuals leaving a population, reducing its density.
- Mortality rate measures the number of deaths in a specific time period.
- Life expectancy is the most likely number of years an organism will survive.
Human Demography
- Demography studies population statistics such as births, deaths, locations, and total population size.
- As of writing, there are approximately 7.8 billion people worldwide.
- China and India have the largest populations globally.
- The Philippines ranks 13th with a population close to 110 million.
Environmental Impacts of Population
- The ecological footprint measures resource consumption for a specific population or country.
- It includes land, sea, and natural resources used to meet consumption needs.
- Limitations of ecological footprint calculations include:
- Variations in agricultural practices
- Lack of reliable data from certain regions
Sustainability
- Population growth is exponential, increasing resource demand.
- Sustainability involves using natural resources mindfully, ensuring future generations have sufficient access.
- Renewable energy resources like solar and wind power reduce dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions.
- Reducing greenhouse gas emissions contributes to a sustainable environment.
SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
- The air transport sector was the most significantly impacted by the pandemic.
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Description
Explore the latest trends in global economics and nutrition. This quiz covers the impacts of tariffs on manufacturing, the growth of R&D budgets, and key nutrients essential for health. Test your knowledge on malnutrition categories and their implications worldwide.