Global Economic and Nutrition Trends

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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of the reported decline in the airline industry?

Increase in international passenger count

Increase in manufacturing value

Heavy decline in international passenger count (correct)

Growth in overall revenues

Which of the following best defines malnutrition?

A deficiency, excess, or imbalance in nutrient/energy intake (correct)

A balance of nutrients in the diet

An excess of nutrient intake only

An adequate intake of macronutrients only

What is an indication that a child is experiencing stunting?

Malnourished due to excessive food intake

Low height-for-weight condition (correct)

Low weight-for-height condition

Extreme weight loss due to illness

Which macronutrient is NOT mentioned in the provided content?

Vitamins Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is not a result of micronutrient deficiency?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the global population is estimated to have mobile connectivity as of 2019?

96.5% Signup and view all the answers

Which group of malnutrition is characterized by low weight-for-height?

Wasting Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of chronic micronutrient deficiency in developing countries?

Poverty and inadequate nourishment Signup and view all the answers

What was the global GDP share of manufacturing in 2019?

12.4% Signup and view all the answers

At what BMI is a person considered obese?

Over 30 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is not categorized as diet-related noncommunicable?

Infectious diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of overweight and obesity malnutrition?

Excessive energy intake Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the world's population suffers from moderate to severe food insecurity?

26.4% Signup and view all the answers

Which micronutrient deficiency is linked to cognitive impairments such as cretinism?

Iodine Signup and view all the answers

What has contributed to the global rise in obesity rates?

Energy-dense foods and decreased physical activity Signup and view all the answers

What trend did global GDP share in agriculture experience from 2001 to 2018?

Decreased from 0.42 to 0.28 percent Signup and view all the answers

Which country has the largest population share in the world?

India Signup and view all the answers

What does ecological footprint measure?

The amount of land and resources consumed Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of high mortality rates in a population?

Decreased population density Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of promoting sustainability?

Ensuring future generations have enough resources Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does fertility specifically measure?

The actual number of offspring produced Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does not reduce population density?

Immigration Signup and view all the answers

What is a common limitation of measuring ecological footprints?

Irregular agricultural practices Signup and view all the answers

Which practice can contribute to sustainability?

Reducing waste in food Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

### Global Economic Trends

International airline passenger counts, seat capacity, and revenues are predicted to decline drastically.
Manufacturing value in 2019 increased only by 1.5% from the previous year due to tariffs and trade tension.
This growth was the slowest since 2012.
Global R&D budget increased from 1.5% of GDP in 2000 to 1.7% in 2015.
96.5% of the world has access to at least a 2G connection, while 81.8% has LTE coverage.
Global GDP share of manufacturing increased to 12.4% from 10% in 2010.

Nutrition

Macronutrients include carbs, proteins, and fats.
Micronutrients include vitamins and minerals.
Reference Intakes (RIs) show maximum daily consumption for nutrients.
Malnutrition includes deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in nutrient and energy intake.

Malnutrition

Undernutrition includes wasting, stunting, and underweight.
Wasting is low weight-for-height due to recent food deprivation or illness.
Stunting is low height-for-age due to long-term undernutrition.
Underweight is low weight for age, encompassing both stunting and wasting.
Micronutrient deficiencies cause health problems - lack of iron causes iron deficiency anemia (IDA).
Iodine deficiency can lead to goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, and mental retardation.
Vitamin A deficiency causes poor vision and compromises the immune system.

Obesity

Overweight and obesity are defined by Body Mass Index (BMI) over 25 and 30, respectively.
Obesity is rising globally due to increased consumption of energy-dense foods and decreased physical activity.

These diseases include stroke, heart attack, high blood pressure, some cancers, and diabetes.
They arise from imbalanced diets high in fats and sugars.

Nutrition Issues in the Philippines

This is a placeholder for a section focusing on nutrition issues specific to the Philippines.

SDG 2: Zero Hunger

26.4% of the world’s population experiences moderate to severe food insecurity, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America.
Stunting and chronic malnutrition in children under 5 years old decreased from 23.1% in 2015 to 21.3% in 2019.
75% of these children are from sub-Saharan Africa and Central to Southern Asia.
Global GDP share in agriculture declined from 0.42% to 0.28% from 2001 to 2018.
Financial aid to the agriculture sector has also decreased since the 1980s.

Factors Affecting Population

Fecundity is the physical ability to reproduce, while fertility is the actual number of offspring produced.
Immigration involves individuals entering a population, increasing its density.
Emigration involves individuals leaving a population, reducing its density.
Mortality rate measures the number of deaths in a specific time period.
Life expectancy is the most likely number of years an organism will survive.

Human Demography

Demography studies population statistics such as births, deaths, locations, and total population size.
As of writing, there are approximately 7.8 billion people worldwide.
China and India have the largest populations globally.
The Philippines ranks 13th with a population close to 110 million.

Environmental Impacts of Population

The ecological footprint measures resource consumption for a specific population or country.
It includes land, sea, and natural resources used to meet consumption needs.
Limitations of ecological footprint calculations include:
- Variations in agricultural practices
- Lack of reliable data from certain regions

Sustainability

Population growth is exponential, increasing resource demand.
Sustainability involves using natural resources mindfully, ensuring future generations have sufficient access.
Renewable energy resources like solar and wind power reduce dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions.
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions contributes to a sustainable environment.

SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

The air transport sector was the most significantly impacted by the pandemic.

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Description

Explore the latest trends in global economics and nutrition. This quiz covers the impacts of tariffs on manufacturing, the growth of R&D budgets, and key nutrients essential for health. Test your knowledge on malnutrition categories and their implications worldwide.