Glencoe Health Chapter 10 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is nutrition?

Process by which your body takes in and uses food.

What are nutrients?

Substances in food that your body needs to grow, repair itself, and to supply it with energy.

What is a calorie?

Unit of heat used to measure the energy your body uses and the energy it receives from food.

What is hunger?

Natural physical drive to eat, prompted by the body's need for food. Signup and view all the answers

What is appetite?

The psychological desire for food, temptation. Signup and view all the answers

What are environmental influences on diet?

Family and culture, friends, time and money, advertising. Signup and view all the answers

What are 5 ways your body needs nutrients?

Energy source, heal, build and repair tissue, sustain growth, transport oxygen, cells regulate body function. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 6 types of nutrients?

Carbs, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 energy providing nutrients?

Carbs, proteins, fats. Signup and view all the answers

What are 3 other nutrients?

Vitamins, minerals, water. Signup and view all the answers

What are 3 sources of energy in food?

Carbs, proteins, fats. Signup and view all the answers

What are carbohydrates?

Starches and sugars found in foods, which provide the body's main source of energy. Signup and view all the answers

What is fiber?

Tough complex carb that the body can't digest. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of carbs?

Stored as the main source of the body's tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of fiber?

Aids digestion, reduces risk of disease. Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins?

Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues, made of amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of proteins?

Building material of cells. Signup and view all the answers

What are saturated fats?

Mostly in meat, dairy products, and plant oils. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fats?

Provides a form of energy and is important for brain development. Signup and view all the answers

What is cholesterol?

Waxy, fatlike substance in blood. Signup and view all the answers

What are vitamins?

Compounds in food that help regulate many body processes. Signup and view all the answers

What does water soluble mean?

Dissolve in water, move easily into bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

What are minerals?

Elements found in food that are used by the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is osteoporosis?

A condition in which the bones become fragile and break easily. Signup and view all the answers

What is calcium important for?

Promotes bone health. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of water?

Moving food through digestion, digesting carbs and protein, transporting nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

How many cups of water does a girl need?

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How many cups of water does a boy need?

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What are the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Set of recommendations about smart eating and physical activity. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 key guidelines?

Make smart choices from every food group, find balance between food and activity, get most nutrition from calories. Signup and view all the answers

What is MyPyramid?

Interactive guideline to healthful eating and active living. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 (or 6th) groups of MyPyramid?

Grains, veggies, fruits, milk, proteins, oils. Signup and view all the answers

What does nutrient dense mean?

High ratio of nutrients to calories. Signup and view all the answers

What are food additives?

Substances added to food to produce a desired effect. Signup and view all the answers

What does free mean on a food label?

Contains none or an insignificant amount of a given component. Signup and view all the answers

What does low mean on a food label?

Can eat regularly without exceeding daily limits. Signup and view all the answers

What does light mean on a food label?

1/3 fewer calories, 1/2 fat, or 1/2 sodium. Signup and view all the answers

What does reduced mean on a food label?

25% fewer calories or 25% fewer nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

What does healthy mean on a food label?

Low in fat, limited amounts of cholesterol and sodium. Signup and view all the answers

What is foodborne illness?

Food poisoning. Signup and view all the answers

What are symptoms of foodborne illness?

Fever higher than 101.5, vomiting/diarrhea, blood in stool, dehydration. Signup and view all the answers

What is pasteurization?

Treating a substance with heat to kill or slow the growth of pathogens. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 steps to keeping food clean?

Clean, separate, cook, chill. Signup and view all the answers

What is cross-contamination?

Spreading of pathogens from one food to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is a food allergy?

Condition in which the body's immune system reacts to a substance in some foods. Signup and view all the answers

What is food intolerance?

Negative reaction to food that doesn't involve the immune system. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutrition Fundamentals

Nutrition is the process of intake and utilization of food by the body.
Nutrients are essential substances from food vital for growth, repair, and energy.
Calories measure the energy your body uses and receives from food.

Hunger vs. Appetite

Hunger is a natural physical drive for food based on the body's needs.
Appetite is a psychological desire for food, often influenced by external factors.

Influences on Diet

Environmental factors affecting diet include family, culture, friends, time, money, and advertising.

Nutrients and Their Functions

Nutrients are crucial for various body needs: energy provision, tissue repair, growth, oxygen transport, and regulation of body functions.

Types of Nutrients

Six essential nutrient types: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Three primary energy-providing nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Carbohydrates and Fiber

Carbohydrates are the body's main energy source, found in starches and sugars.
Fiber, a type of complex carbohydrate, aids digestion and promotes regularity.

Role of Proteins and Fats

Proteins build and maintain cell structures, vital for muscle growth.
Fats provide energy, support brain development, absorb vitamins A, D, E, K, and maintain skin and hair health.

Cholesterol and Vitamins

Cholesterol is a waxy substance in the blood, essential for cell walls, hormones, and vitamin D production.
Vitamins are compounds that regulate body processes, some are water-soluble (dissolve in water), and others are not.

Minerals and Bone Health

Minerals are elements required by the body from dietary sources.
Calcium is crucial for strong bones and preventing osteoporosis, a condition fraught with fragile bones.

Water and Its Importance

Water performs multiple functions: transporting nutrients, removing waste, regulating temperature, cushioning organs, and lubricating joints.
Adequate daily water intake: 9 cups for girls and 13 cups for boys.

Dietary Guidelines and Recommendations

Dietary Guidelines for Americans provide strategies for healthy eating and physical activity.
Key guidelines emphasize smart food choices, balancing food intake with physical activity, and maximizing nutrient intake.

MyPyramid Overview

MyPyramid illustrates healthful eating through various food groups: grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, and proteins, with oils included as the sixth group.

Nutrient Density and Food Labels

Nutrient-dense foods have a high ratio of nutrients to calories.
Food additives are substances introduced to food to achieve specific effects.

Food Safety and Illness

Foodborne illnesses, also known as food poisoning, present symptoms such as fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration.
Pasteurization is a method that uses heat to kill pathogens in food.

Food Safety Practices

Four crucial steps to prevent food contamination: clean, separate, cook, and chill.
Cross-contamination refers to the transfer of pathogens from one food to another, posing health risks.

Allergies and Intolerance

Food allergies involve immune system reactions to certain food substances.
Food intolerance results in adverse reactions that do not engage the immune system.

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Description

Test your knowledge on nutrition and its key concepts with these flashcards from Glencoe Health Chapter 10. Each card focuses on important terms such as nutrients, calories, and hunger. Enhance your understanding of how your body processes food and its energy needs.