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Questions and Answers
What is characterized by a close alignment between the real self and the ideal self?
What is characterized by a close alignment between the real self and the ideal self?
- Social anxiety
- Mental well-being (correct)
- Emotional disconnect
- Low self-worth
Which self reflects individuals' aspirations and future goals?
Which self reflects individuals' aspirations and future goals?
- True self
- Real self
- Material self
- Ideal self (correct)
Which of the following best describes a person with an incongruent self?
Which of the following best describes a person with an incongruent self?
- They feel a sense of peace and fulfillment.
- They experience low self-worth and dissatisfaction. (correct)
- They achieve all their aspirations effortlessly.
- They have a clear understanding of their identity.
Which component of the self includes one's physical attributes?
Which component of the self includes one's physical attributes?
What term describes a feeling of peace of mind associated with self-actualization?
What term describes a feeling of peace of mind associated with self-actualization?
In relation to self-image, how is the term 'self-worth' defined?
In relation to self-image, how is the term 'self-worth' defined?
What is the primary goal of achieving alignment between the real self and ideal self?
What is the primary goal of achieving alignment between the real self and ideal self?
Which concept best describes an individual reflecting on their thoughts about themselves?
Which concept best describes an individual reflecting on their thoughts about themselves?
What does Ryle suggest about the concept of the self?
What does Ryle suggest about the concept of the self?
Ryle's theory of logical behaviorism emphasizes that mental concepts are understood through what?
Ryle's theory of logical behaviorism emphasizes that mental concepts are understood through what?
According to Ryle, how should properties like kindness be understood?
According to Ryle, how should properties like kindness be understood?
What erroneous idea does Ryle associate with Descartes' view of the mind?
What erroneous idea does Ryle associate with Descartes' view of the mind?
How does Ryle illustrate the relationship between the mind and objects around it?
How does Ryle illustrate the relationship between the mind and objects around it?
What phrase did Ryle propose to encapsulate his philosophy on behavior and existence?
What phrase did Ryle propose to encapsulate his philosophy on behavior and existence?
In Ryle's view, how do knowing and believing affect a person's actions?
In Ryle's view, how do knowing and believing affect a person's actions?
What is Ryle's critique of Descartes regarding the mind-body connection?
What is Ryle's critique of Descartes regarding the mind-body connection?
What does the 'I' represent in the context of self-identity?
What does the 'I' represent in the context of self-identity?
Which statement best describes the 'Me'?
Which statement best describes the 'Me'?
How does socialization differ according to the content provided?
How does socialization differ according to the content provided?
What role does the family play in the socialization process?
What role does the family play in the socialization process?
What is the primary medium through which the average young person engages for about 6 3/4 hours a day?
What is the primary medium through which the average young person engages for about 6 3/4 hours a day?
What aspect of childhood socialization is reflected in children mimicking cartoon characters?
What aspect of childhood socialization is reflected in children mimicking cartoon characters?
What characterizes the full development of self according to the content?
What characterizes the full development of self according to the content?
What is one way that behavior is internalized in children?
What is one way that behavior is internalized in children?
What significantly shapes an individual's personality according to the content?
What significantly shapes an individual's personality according to the content?
Which of the following best defines the term 'culture' as mentioned in the content?
Which of the following best defines the term 'culture' as mentioned in the content?
Which dichotomy is illustrated in the content that contrasts different cultural perceptions?
Which dichotomy is illustrated in the content that contrasts different cultural perceptions?
How are culturally acceptable behaviors transmitted according to the description provided?
How are culturally acceptable behaviors transmitted according to the description provided?
What can influence the perceptions of the 'self' in different cultures?
What can influence the perceptions of the 'self' in different cultures?
Which of the following countries is NOT mentioned in the examples of greeting practices?
Which of the following countries is NOT mentioned in the examples of greeting practices?
Which of the following environmental factors is highlighted as important for personality development?
Which of the following environmental factors is highlighted as important for personality development?
In what way can greetings differ across cultures according to the content?
In what way can greetings differ across cultures according to the content?
What is emphasized in individualistic cultures?
What is emphasized in individualistic cultures?
How do successes typically get measured in collectivist cultures?
How do successes typically get measured in collectivist cultures?
What type of identity is associated with collectivist cultures?
What type of identity is associated with collectivist cultures?
In which culture are members generally responsible for themselves?
In which culture are members generally responsible for themselves?
Which trait is more likely to be displayed by people in individualist cultures?
Which trait is more likely to be displayed by people in individualist cultures?
What is the focus of the Western culture in terms of individualism?
What is the focus of the Western culture in terms of individualism?
In collectivist cultures, how are individual needs viewed in relation to group needs?
In collectivist cultures, how are individual needs viewed in relation to group needs?
What characteristic often defines success in individualist cultures?
What characteristic often defines success in individualist cultures?
Study Notes
Gilbert Ryle's Philosophy
- Self is a combination of mind and body: Ryle rejects Descartes' mind/body dualism, stating that the "self" is not a separate entity but a collection of behaviors.
- Mind is not a separate entity: He criticizes Descartes’ idea of a mind separate from the body as a "ghost in the machine."
- Mind is evidenced by behavior: The only proof of the mind's operation is observable through activities like singing, running, and walking.
- Maxim: "I act, therefore I am": Ryle emphasizes action as the proof of self, opposing Descartes' idea that self is determined by the mind.
- Importance of aligning real and ideal selves: When a person's real and ideal selves are congruent, they experience mental well-being and are more likely to achieve self-actualization.
Components of the Self
- Material self: Represents the physical body, material possessions, and psychological ownership.
- Social self: Formed through interactions and relationships with others.
- Spiritual self: Represents the individual's thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes.
- Real self: Refers to who we actually are.
- Ideal self: Represents who we aspire to be or want to become.
William James' Theory of the Self
- "I" self: The thinking self, the thinking self, or the individual's self-reflection.
- "Me" self: The self as an object of reflection, including physical, social, and spiritual aspects.
Mead's Theory of the Self
- "I" is the response of the organism to the attitude of others. It represents the individual's identity based on response to the 'me'.
- "Me" is the socialized aspect of the individual learned through society. It is acquired through interaction with others and represents learned behaviors, attitudes, and expectations of society.
Socialization and Self
- Socialization: Learning the expectations of society, influenced by family, media, and other agents.
- Family: Plays a crucial role in introducing children to the expectations of society.
Cultural Influences on Self
- Individualism: Emphasizes independence, competition, and personal achievement.
- Collectivism: Values social harmony, respectfulness, and group needs over individual needs.
- Western culture: Emphasizes individualism.
- Eastern/Asian culture: Emphasizes collectivism.
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Description
Explore Gilbert Ryle's concepts regarding the self, mind, and body. This quiz delves into Ryle's rejection of Cartesian dualism and emphasizes the importance of behavior as evidence of the mind. Understand how the alignment of real and ideal selves contributes to mental well-being.
