Gilbert Ryle's Philosophy of Self
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Questions and Answers

What is characterized by a close alignment between the real self and the ideal self?

  • Social anxiety
  • Mental well-being (correct)
  • Emotional disconnect
  • Low self-worth

    • Which self reflects individuals' aspirations and future goals?

  • True self
  • Real self
  • Material self
  • Ideal self (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes a person with an incongruent self?

  • They feel a sense of peace and fulfillment.
  • They experience low self-worth and dissatisfaction. (correct)
  • They achieve all their aspirations effortlessly.
  • They have a clear understanding of their identity.

    • Which component of the self includes one's physical attributes?

    <p>Material self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a feeling of peace of mind associated with self-actualization?

    <p>Congruence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relation to self-image, how is the term 'self-worth' defined?

    <p>An emotional evaluation of oneself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of achieving alignment between the real self and ideal self?

    <p>To improve self-acceptance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept best describes an individual reflecting on their thoughts about themselves?

    <p>“I” self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Ryle suggest about the concept of the self?

    <p>The self is merely a convenient term for describing behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ryle's theory of logical behaviorism emphasizes that mental concepts are understood through what?

    <p>Observable events and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Ryle, how should properties like kindness be understood?

    <p>As adjectives describing a person's body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What erroneous idea does Ryle associate with Descartes' view of the mind?

    <p>That the mind can exist separately from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Ryle illustrate the relationship between the mind and objects around it?

    <p>By likening it to a forest with observable elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phrase did Ryle propose to encapsulate his philosophy on behavior and existence?

    <p>I act, therefore I am.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Ryle's view, how do knowing and believing affect a person's actions?

    <p>They influence motions but do not define them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Ryle's critique of Descartes regarding the mind-body connection?

    <p>Descartes confuses the properties with the entities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'I' represent in the context of self-identity?

    <p>The present and future phase of the self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the 'Me'?

    <p>It is based on societal expectations and learned behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does socialization differ according to the content provided?

    <p>It varies based on race, gender, and class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the family play in the socialization process?

    <p>Families introduce children to societal expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary medium through which the average young person engages for about 6 3/4 hours a day?

    <p>Television</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of childhood socialization is reflected in children mimicking cartoon characters?

    <p>The influence of media exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the full development of self according to the content?

    <p>A union between the 'I' and the 'me'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way that behavior is internalized in children?

    <p>Through unconscious observation of their families.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significantly shapes an individual's personality according to the content?

    <p>Environmental factors including culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines the term 'culture' as mentioned in the content?

    <p>All of the beliefs, customs, art, and traditions of a society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dichotomy is illustrated in the content that contrasts different cultural perceptions?

    <p>Eastern vs. Western</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are culturally acceptable behaviors transmitted according to the description provided?

    <p>By language and societal rewards or punishments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can influence the perceptions of the 'self' in different cultures?

    <p>Cultural and environmental differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries is NOT mentioned in the examples of greeting practices?

    <p>Australia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following environmental factors is highlighted as important for personality development?

    <p>Cultural background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can greetings differ across cultures according to the content?

    <p>They can be influenced by cultural beliefs and superstitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized in individualistic cultures?

    <p>Personal achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do successes typically get measured in collectivist cultures?

    <p>By contributions to the group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of identity is associated with collectivist cultures?

    <p>The 'We' identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which culture are members generally responsible for themselves?

    <p>Individualist culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is more likely to be displayed by people in individualist cultures?

    <p>Competitive personality traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the Western culture in terms of individualism?

    <p>Personal freedom and choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In collectivist cultures, how are individual needs viewed in relation to group needs?

    <p>They are often secondary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic often defines success in individualist cultures?

    <p>Standing out from the crowd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gilbert Ryle's Philosophy

    • Self is a combination of mind and body: Ryle rejects Descartes' mind/body dualism, stating that the "self" is not a separate entity but a collection of behaviors.
    • Mind is not a separate entity: He criticizes Descartes’ idea of a mind separate from the body as a "ghost in the machine."
    • Mind is evidenced by behavior: The only proof of the mind's operation is observable through activities like singing, running, and walking.
    • Maxim: "I act, therefore I am": Ryle emphasizes action as the proof of self, opposing Descartes' idea that self is determined by the mind.
    • Importance of aligning real and ideal selves: When a person's real and ideal selves are congruent, they experience mental well-being and are more likely to achieve self-actualization.

    Components of the Self

    • Material self: Represents the physical body, material possessions, and psychological ownership.
    • Social self: Formed through interactions and relationships with others.
    • Spiritual self: Represents the individual's thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes.
    • Real self: Refers to who we actually are.
    • Ideal self: Represents who we aspire to be or want to become.

    William James' Theory of the Self

    • "I" self: The thinking self, the thinking self, or the individual's self-reflection.
    • "Me" self: The self as an object of reflection, including physical, social, and spiritual aspects.

    Mead's Theory of the Self

    • "I" is the response of the organism to the attitude of others. It represents the individual's identity based on response to the 'me'.
    • "Me" is the socialized aspect of the individual learned through society. It is acquired through interaction with others and represents learned behaviors, attitudes, and expectations of society.

    Socialization and Self

    • Socialization: Learning the expectations of society, influenced by family, media, and other agents.
    • Family: Plays a crucial role in introducing children to the expectations of society.

    Cultural Influences on Self

    • Individualism: Emphasizes independence, competition, and personal achievement.
    • Collectivism: Values social harmony, respectfulness, and group needs over individual needs.
    • Western culture: Emphasizes individualism.
    • Eastern/Asian culture: Emphasizes collectivism.

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    Unit I Module 2024-25 PDF

    Description

    Explore Gilbert Ryle's concepts regarding the self, mind, and body. This quiz delves into Ryle's rejection of Cartesian dualism and emphasizes the importance of behavior as evidence of the mind. Understand how the alignment of real and ideal selves contributes to mental well-being.

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