Podcast
Questions and Answers
What term describes the part of the self that is spontaneous and unsocialized according to Mead?
What term describes the part of the self that is spontaneous and unsocialized according to Mead?
According to Carl Rogers, what is the term for the person you would like to be?
According to Carl Rogers, what is the term for the person you would like to be?
Which aspect of the self is influenced by social concepts and standards, as defined by Mauss?
Which aspect of the self is influenced by social concepts and standards, as defined by Mauss?
What is the nature of the self according to Immanuel Kant?
What is the nature of the self according to Immanuel Kant?
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What condition arises when there is a significant discrepancy between the ideal self and the real self?
What condition arises when there is a significant discrepancy between the ideal self and the real self?
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Which of the following perspectives emphasizes that the self is in constant flux and participates in social life?
Which of the following perspectives emphasizes that the self is in constant flux and participates in social life?
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Which component of the self does Immanuel Kant identify as the awareness of one's own state?
Which component of the self does Immanuel Kant identify as the awareness of one's own state?
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What is the 'Private Self' as defined by Carver and Scheier?
What is the 'Private Self' as defined by Carver and Scheier?
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How does Gilbert Ryle conceptualize the self?
How does Gilbert Ryle conceptualize the self?
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Which term refers to the learned aspects of self as described by Mead?
Which term refers to the learned aspects of self as described by Mead?
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What does Maurice Merleau-Ponty emphasize about the relationship between mind and body?
What does Maurice Merleau-Ponty emphasize about the relationship between mind and body?
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Which characteristic of the self suggests that it can exist independently of others?
Which characteristic of the self suggests that it can exist independently of others?
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What concept did William James introduce regarding the components of the self?
What concept did William James introduce regarding the components of the self?
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What term is used to refer to the group setting that shares a common culture?
What term is used to refer to the group setting that shares a common culture?
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Which feature of the self implies that it has enduring characteristics?
Which feature of the self implies that it has enduring characteristics?
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What do social constructionists argue regarding the self and social context?
What do social constructionists argue regarding the self and social context?
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Study Notes
Understanding the Self - Key Philosophers
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Immanuel Kant:
- The self is transcendental, existing in a non-physical realm.
- It's separate from the body and lacks bodily qualities.
- The self is the source of knowledge for all humans.
- Two components of the self:
- Inner Self: Awareness of internal changes.
- Outer Self: Includes senses and the physical world.
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Gilbert Ryle:
- The self is defined by observable behaviors.
- It's not a separate entity but a convenient label for actions.
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Maurice Merleau-Ponty:
- Mind and body are inseparable.
- The body is essential to the mind, and vice versa.
- The body expresses the mind in a unified way.
The Self, Society, and Culture
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Society: A group of people sharing a culture, territory, and a sense of collective identity.
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Culture: Knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs, and habits of a society.
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Characteristics of the Self:
- Separate: Distinct from other selves.
- Self-Contained: Independent existence with its own thoughts and volition.
- Independent: Does not need another self to exist.
- Consistent: Enduring personality.
- Unitary: Central point of experiences and thoughts.
- Private: Sorts information, feelings, emotions, and thoughts internally.
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Social Constructionists: View the self and social context as intertwined, with blurred boundaries.
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Social Constructivists: The self is a dynamic process, constantly changing through interactions. It's in flux with external realities and is adaptable in social contexts.
The Self as a Cognitive Construct
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William James:
- The self has two aspects:
- I: The acting, feeling, and thinking self.
- Me: Physical characteristics and psychological capabilities.
- The self has two aspects:
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Carl Rogers:
- I: Acting and deciding self.
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Me: Self-perception as an object.
- Ideal Self: Desired self.
- Real Self: Actual self.
- Congruence: Alignment between ideal and real self.
- Incongruence: Misalignment between ideal and real self.
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Carver and Scheier:
- Private Self: Internal standards, thoughts, and feelings.
- Public Self: Public image presented to others.
Social Self
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George Herbert Mead:
- Me: Socialised self incorporating learned behaviors and social control.
- I: Spontaneous and unsocialised self, individual response to social attitudes.
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Marcel Mauss:
- Moi: Personal sense of identity and basic self.
- Personne: Social concepts of self, based on institutions, family, religion, and nationality.
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Description
Explore the concepts of the self as defined by key philosophers such as Immanuel Kant, Gilbert Ryle, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Learn about the distinctions between the inner and outer self, and how society and culture shape our identities. This quiz provides insights into the philosophical discourse surrounding the self.
