Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between Gibbs free energy and spontaneity?
What is the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) at equilibrium?
In the Gibbs free energy formula, ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, what does the symbol 'T' represent?
How does Gibbs free energy play a role in biological systems?
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A reaction with a negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) will proceed in which direction?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Gibbs free energy?
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What is the relationship between Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and enthalpy (ΔH) in a reaction that is spontaneous at all temperatures?
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In a biochemical reaction, what does a negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) indicate?
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Study Notes
Gibbs Free Energy Definition
- Gibbs free energy (G) is a thermodynamic property that measures the energy available to do work at constant temperature and pressure.
- It is a state function, meaning that only the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is important, not the absolute value.
Gibbs Free Energy Formula
- The Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) is calculated using the following formula: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
- Where:
- ΔH is the change in enthalpy (heat content)
- T is the temperature in Kelvin
- ΔS is the change in entropy (a measure of disorder or randomness)
Gibbs Free Energy and Equilibrium
- At equilibrium, the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) is zero.
- A negative ΔG indicates a spontaneous process, meaning it will proceed on its own.
- A positive ΔG indicates a non-spontaneous process, meaning it will not proceed on its own.
- A ΔG of zero indicates equilibrium, where the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate.
Gibbs Free Energy and Reactions
- ΔG can be used to predict the spontaneity of a reaction.
- A negative ΔG indicates that the reaction will proceed from left to right (forward direction).
- A positive ΔG indicates that the reaction will proceed from right to left (reverse direction).
- ΔG can also be used to calculate the equilibrium constant (K) of a reaction.
Gibbs Free Energy and Biological Systems
- Gibbs free energy plays a crucial role in biological systems, where it is used to drive chemical reactions and maintain cellular processes.
- In biochemistry, ΔG is often used to study the energetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and metabolic pathways.
Gibbs Free Energy Definition
- Gibbs free energy (G) measures the energy available to do work at constant temperature and pressure.
- It's a state function, meaning only the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is important.
Gibbs Free Energy Formula
- ΔG = ΔH - TΔS is the formula to calculate the Gibbs free energy change.
- ΔH is the change in enthalpy (heat content).
- T is the temperature in Kelvin.
- ΔS is the change in entropy (a measure of disorder or randomness).
Gibbs Free Energy and Equilibrium
- At equilibrium, ΔG is zero.
- A negative ΔG indicates a spontaneous process.
- A positive ΔG indicates a non-spontaneous process.
- A ΔG of zero indicates equilibrium, where forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.
Gibbs Free Energy and Reactions
- ΔG predicts the spontaneity of a reaction.
- A negative ΔG indicates the reaction will proceed from left to right (forward direction).
- A positive ΔG indicates the reaction will proceed from right to left (reverse direction).
- ΔG can calculate the equilibrium constant (K) of a reaction.
Gibbs Free Energy and Biological Systems
- Gibbs free energy drives chemical reactions and maintains cellular processes in biological systems.
- In biochemistry, ΔG studies the energetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and metabolic pathways.
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Description
Learn about Gibbs free energy, a thermodynamic property that measures energy available to do work at constant temperature and pressure, and how to calculate it using the formula ΔG = ΔH - TΔS