Giant Cell Tumor in Adolescents

Injury Overview

• Pain during exercise or at night may indicate worsening injury.
• Adolescents (ages 10-20) may experience flu-like symptoms associated with injuries.

Benign Tumors

• Giant Cell Tumor

  • Found at epiphyses and sometimes metaphases of long bones.
  • Symptoms include bone fractures, limited movement, swelling.
  • Treatment involves surgery for strength and mobility recovery.

• Osteoid Osteoma

  • Characterized by a painful tumor causing osteoid bone growth, visible as a cyst on X-ray.
  • Common in individuals aged 4-25, notably in long bones of the femur and tibia.
  • Night pain is common, relieved by NSAIDs; often resolves on its own, but can be removed.

• Osteochondroma

  • Osseous outgrowth covered by a cartilaginous cap; mainly affects distal femur, proximal humerus, proximal tibia.
  • May disrupt blood vessels and movement; surgical removal needed if compromised.
  • Stops growing after skeletal maturity; no interventions required thereafter.

• Osteoblastoma

  • Common in ages 10-20, presents with sustained pain often described as deep bone pain.
  • Symptoms include limited movement and localized tenderness; treatment may involve total excision.

Malignant Tumors

• Chondrosarcoma

  • A bone cancer originating from cartilage, primarily affecting men aged 40-60.
  • Symptoms consist of pain, lumps, joint stiffness, and swelling; surgery is necessary.

• Ewing's Sarcoma

  • Can form in long bones or soft tissues; often appears in children and adolescents.
  • Symptoms include local bone pain, fatigue, and potential aerobic exercise intolerance; treatment includes targeted therapies and strength training.

Other Conditions

• Ankylosing Spondylitis

  • Inflammatory arthropathy affecting the axial skeleton, particularly the SI joints.
  • Symptoms involve low back pain intensified by rest and alleviated by movement; characterized by decreased lordosis and increased kyphosis.
  • Treatment focuses on controlling inflammation, reducing kyphosis, and enhancing trunk strength.

• Arthrogryposis

  • Describes multiple joint contractures affecting mobility; commonly involves all four limbs.
  • Symptoms include stiffness and pain; management may include casting, splinting, and gait training.

• Myositis

  • General term for muscle inflammation due to various causes (autoimmune, viral).
  • Symptoms include malaise, fever, pain, and a common developing rash; treatment involves submaximal exercises and possible steroids.

• Gout

  • Characterized by elevated uric acid levels leading to joint inflammation, particularly in the big toe.
  • Symptoms include severe pain, inflammation, and possible “rat bites” on X-rays; dietary changes and orthotic provisions are recommended during flare-ups.

• Osteonecrosis (Avascular Necrosis)

  • Involves bone and marrow infarction typically due to fractures or steroid use; requires MRI for diagnosis.
  • Symptoms include pain at rest and limited ROM; management focuses on slowing progression.

• Osteomyelitis

  • Bone infection common in children and the elderly, often linked to IV drug use.
  • Symptoms include persistent pain, fever, limited ROM, and increased WBC count; treated with drainage and antibiotics.

Additional Notes

• Rhabdomyolysis

  • Rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle due to trauma; characterized by muscle pain and weakness.
  • Complications include hyperkalemia, with distinct “coca-cola” colored urine as a symptom; rehydration and electrolyte correction are critical interventions.

• Sarcopenia

  • Age-related loss of muscle mass marked by progressive weakness; management strategies include weight-bearing and progressive muscle strengthening exercises.

• Myositis Ossificans

  • Affects large muscles often due to deep bruises or repetitive trauma; common symptoms are pain and decreased ROM; treatment includes gentle ROM and icing.

• Osteochondritis Dissecans

  • A joint disorder where segments of bone and cartilage separate from the bone due to repeated trauma; treatment may reduce surgery necessity when detected early.

This quiz focuses on the characteristics and symptoms of giant cell tumors in adolescents, particularly around the ages of 10-20. It covers the impacts of such tumors during exercise and potential complications like bone fractures. Prepare to learn about diagnosis, treatment options, and recovery processes.