Giant Cell Arteritis (Horton Disease) Overview

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What is the peak incidence age for giant cell arteritis?

50 years

60 years

70 years (correct)

40 years

Which population group is predisposed to giant cell arteritis?

Young adults

Children

Individuals of Northern European ancestry (correct)

Males

What genetic background is associated with the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis?

HLA.DRB1*04:04 only

HLA.DRB1*04:04, HLA-DQA1*03:01, and HLA-DQA1*03:02 (correct)

HLA-DQA1*03:02 only

HLA-DQA1*03:01 only

Which arteries are mainly involved in giant cell arteritis?

Large- and medium-sized arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis?

Activation of dendritic cells Signup and view all the answers

In which other disease are dendritic cells involved in the infection?

Lupus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cytokine of Th1 cells?

IFN-gamma Signup and view all the answers

What is the main hallmark of Th17 cells?

IL-17 production Signup and view all the answers

What is the greatest risk factor for developing GCA?

Ageing Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell interact?

The T cell becomes anergic Signup and view all the answers

What do GM-CSF, IL-17A, and IL-1beta contribute to in the inflammatory milieu?

Inflammatory cascade Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune cell can change their behavior in GCA lesions?

T cells Signup and view all the answers

What leads to intimal hyperplasia and arterial occlusion in GCA?

Production of growth factors by macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifetime risk of developing GCA in men in the United States?

~0.5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of activated macrophages in GCA lesions?

Promotion of VSMC differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of DCs when enabled to process and present antigens?

Inducing anergic response in T cells Signup and view all the answers

Giant Cell Arteritis (Horton Disease) Overview

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