Giant Cell Arteritis (Horton Disease) Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the peak incidence age for giant cell arteritis?

  • 50 years
  • 60 years
  • 70 years (correct)
  • 40 years

Which population group is predisposed to giant cell arteritis?

  • Young adults
  • Children
  • Individuals of Northern European ancestry (correct)
  • Males

What genetic background is associated with the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis?

  • HLA.DRB1*04:04 only
  • HLA.DRB1*04:04, HLA-DQA1*03:01, and HLA-DQA1*03:02 (correct)
  • HLA-DQA1*03:02 only
  • HLA-DQA1*03:01 only

Which arteries are mainly involved in giant cell arteritis?

<p>Large- and medium-sized arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis?

<p>Activation of dendritic cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which other disease are dendritic cells involved in the infection?

<p>Lupus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cytokine of Th1 cells?

<p>IFN-gamma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main hallmark of Th17 cells?

<p>IL-17 production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the greatest risk factor for developing GCA?

<p>Ageing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell interact?

<p>The T cell becomes anergic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do GM-CSF, IL-17A, and IL-1beta contribute to in the inflammatory milieu?

<p>Inflammatory cascade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune cell can change their behavior in GCA lesions?

<p>T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to intimal hyperplasia and arterial occlusion in GCA?

<p>Production of growth factors by macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifetime risk of developing GCA in men in the United States?

<p>~0.5% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of activated macrophages in GCA lesions?

<p>Promotion of VSMC differentiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of DCs when enabled to process and present antigens?

<p>Inducing anergic response in T cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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