Giant Cell Fibroma

Giant Cell Fibroma

• Presents as asymptomatic, sessile or pedunculated nodules less than 1 cm in size
• Sixty percent are diagnosed during the first three decades with a slight female gender predilection
• Fifty percent occur on the gingiva, with the mandible being more commonly affected than the maxilla (2:1)
• Histological features: vascular, loosely arranged fibrous connective tissue with large, stellate fibroblasts and multiple nuclei
• Treatment: conservative surgical excision; rarely recurs

Fibromatosis and Myofibromatosis

• Fibromatosis: a broad group of fibrous proliferations with a biological behavior ranging from benign to malignant
• Presents as a firm, painless mass that may grow rapidly or slowly
• More common in children and young adults with a mean age between 8 and 11 years
• Predilection site: paramandibular soft tissues
• Can grow to a large size and destroy bone
• Myofibromatosis: a similar but less aggressive proliferation of myofibroblasts
• Presents as a firm mass in the dermis or subcutaneous tissues of the head and neck
• Cases of intraosseous myofibromatosis have been reported
• Histopathology: unencapsulated, solid, nodular mass of dense, hyalinized connective tissue
• Treatment: wide surgical excision for fibromatosis, with a 23% recurrence rate; local excision for myofibromatosis, with possible spontaneous regression

Fibrous Histiocytoma

• A diverse group of tumors that exhibit both fibroblastic and histiocytic differentiation
• Can occur anywhere in the body, but most common in the skin (dermatofibroma)
• Uncommon in the oral/perioral region, with the buccal mucosa being the most common intraoral site
• Presents as a painless nodular mass
• Treatment: local surgical excision, with rare recurrence

Lipoma

• Benign neoplasm of fat cells
• Most common soft tissue tumor in the body, but not so common in the mouth
• Prevalence: 3/10,000
• Presents as an asymptomatic, slow-growing, well-circumscribed, yellow to yellow-white benign neoplasm of fat
• Treatment: excision, with a limited growth potential and no recurrence expected

Leiomyoma

• Benign tumor of smooth muscles
• Rare in the oral cavity
• Originate from vascular smooth muscles
• Three types: solid, vascular, and epithelioid
• Presents as a slow-growing, firm, mucosal nodule
• Treatment: local surgical excision, with no recurrence

Rhabdomyoma

• Benign tumor of skeletal muscles
• Rare tumors
• Predilection for the head and neck
• Subclassified into adult and fetal rhabdomyomas
• Presents as a nodule or mass that can grow to several centimeters
• Treatment: local surgical excision, with no recurrence

Traumatic Neuroma

• Reactive proliferation of neural tissue following transection or damage to the nerve bundle
• Presents as a smooth, non-ulcerated nodule
• Predilection sites: mental foramen, tongue, and lip
• May produce a radiolucent defect if bone is involved
• Treatment: surgical excision, with the excision including a small portion of the involved nerve bundle

Palisaded Encapsulated Neuroma

• Benign neural neoplasm
• Presents as a solitary, smooth, painless, dome-shaped papule or nodule
• Common sites: face, palate, and lip
• Histological features: well-circumscribed, encapsulated tumor consisting of interlacing fascicles of spindle cells
• Treatment: conservative local excision, with rare recurrence

Neurilemoma (Schwannoma)

• Benign neural neoplasm of Schwann cell origin
• Relatively uncommon lesion, but 25-48% of all cases occur in the head and neck region
• Presents as a slow-growing, encapsulated tumor associated with the nerve trunk
• May cause pain, expansion, radiolucency, or paresthesia
• Treatment: surgical excision, with rare recurrence and extremely rare malignant transformation

A type of benign tumor characterized by asymptomatic nodules, commonly found on the gingiva, with distinct histological features and treated with conservative surgical excision.