Questions and Answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of Cimetidine?
What is the usual dosage of Cimetidine for prophylaxis of pulmonary aspiration in anaesthesia?
What is a common adverse effect of Cimetidine?
What is the indication for Ranitidine in esophagitis?
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What is the recommended dosage of Ranitidine for children?
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Study Notes
Gastrointestinal, Antiemetic, and Antispasmodic Drugs
Antihistamines
- Cimetidine: an antiulcer agent (histamine H2-receptor antagonist) that can decrease acid secretion
- Indications:
- Peptic ulcers
- GERD
- Prophylaxis of pulmonary aspiration in anaesthesia
- Gastritis in combination with other agents (e.g. antacids)
- Usual presentation: 200mg tablet
- Dosage and duration:
- 200-400mg single dose 1hr before operation/anaesthesia
- 200mg BD to TDS up to 3 days to 2 weeks
- Child dose: 10-20mg/kg/day (in divided doses)
- Adverse effects:
- Gynecomastia (0.3-4%)
- Antiandrogen: may cause feminization and sexual dysfunction in males
- Diarrhea, headache, dizziness, skin rash, fever (less than 2%)
- Remarks:
- Sometimes comes in injectable form
- Pregnancy: may be acceptable
- Lactation: not recommended
Ranitidine
- Discontinued in some countries
- Usual presentations:
- Injection: 25mg/ml of 2ml ampoules
- 75, 150, or 300mg tablets
- Indications:
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- Gastric ulcer, benign
- Esophagitis, gastritis
- Usual dosages and duration:
- 150mg PO BD or TDS
- 50mg IM/IV 12hrly or up to 6hrly
- Child dose: 5-10mg/kg/day once or 12hrly
- According to clinical response. If not responsive, use PPIs
- Adverse effects and cautions:
- Headache (3%)
- Use with caution in renal and hepatic impairment
- IM administration does not need to be diluted, but IV injection is better diluted to make 20cc
- Remarks:
- Pregnancy: may be acceptable
- Lactation: contraindicated
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Description
This quiz covers different types of gastrointestinal drugs, including antiemetic and antispasmodic drugs, antiulcer agents, and antacids. It explores their indications, dosages, and uses in peptic ulcers, GERD, and other conditions.
