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Questions and Answers
What is the hardness rating of Calcite on Mohs Hardness Scale?
What is the hardness rating of Calcite on Mohs Hardness Scale?
Which mineral is known for its characteristic of peeling into thin flat sheets?
Which mineral is known for its characteristic of peeling into thin flat sheets?
Which of the following minerals is classified as a rock-forming mineral?
Which of the following minerals is classified as a rock-forming mineral?
What property describes a mineral that emits light after being energized?
What property describes a mineral that emits light after being energized?
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Which of the following minerals is most commonly found in igneous rocks?
Which of the following minerals is most commonly found in igneous rocks?
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What is the highest hardness rating on Mohs Hardness Scale?
What is the highest hardness rating on Mohs Hardness Scale?
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Which property reflects a mineral's ability to produce an electric charge when mechanical stress is applied?
Which property reflects a mineral's ability to produce an electric charge when mechanical stress is applied?
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Which mineral appears typically in a yellow-green color and is common in basalt?
Which mineral appears typically in a yellow-green color and is common in basalt?
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Which mineral can be scratched by quartz according to its hardness level?
Which mineral can be scratched by quartz according to its hardness level?
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Which property distinguishes calcite from dolomite?
Which property distinguishes calcite from dolomite?
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What is the most common mineral found in the pyroxene group?
What is the most common mineral found in the pyroxene group?
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What mineral corresponds to a hardness of 2.5 on the Mohs hardness scale?
What mineral corresponds to a hardness of 2.5 on the Mohs hardness scale?
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Which mineral is known as 'fool's gold' due to its metallic luster?
Which mineral is known as 'fool's gold' due to its metallic luster?
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Which mineral is known for having the special property of magnetism?
Which mineral is known for having the special property of magnetism?
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What is the usual crystal shape of feldspar in igneous rocks?
What is the usual crystal shape of feldspar in igneous rocks?
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What color range is typical for the mineral augite?
What color range is typical for the mineral augite?
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Which of the following best describes the 'luster' property of minerals?
Which of the following best describes the 'luster' property of minerals?
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At what depth was loose sand observed during the bore log testing?
At what depth was loose sand observed during the bore log testing?
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According to Mohs hardness scale, which material has a hardness of 6.5?
According to Mohs hardness scale, which material has a hardness of 6.5?
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What is the process by which minerals like rock salt are formed?
What is the process by which minerals like rock salt are formed?
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What is the moisture content of the highly wet gravels found after 4m depth?
What is the moisture content of the highly wet gravels found after 4m depth?
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Which of the following is not a traditional physical property of minerals?
Which of the following is not a traditional physical property of minerals?
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What is the main distinction between veins and lodes in mineral occurrence?
What is the main distinction between veins and lodes in mineral occurrence?
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Which property describes how a mineral breaks along defined planes?
Which property describes how a mineral breaks along defined planes?
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Study Notes
Moh's Hardness Scale
- Ranks mineral hardness from 1 (talc) to 10 (diamond).
- Talc - 1, Gypsum - 2, Calcite - 3, Fluorite - 4, Apatite - 5, Feldspar - 6, Quartz - 7, Topaz - 8, Corundum - 9, Diamond - 10.
Special Properties of Minerals
- Magnetism: Certain minerals exhibit magnetism.
- Double Refraction: Light splits into two rays when passing through crystals (e.g., mica, quartz).
- Fluorescence: Emission of visible light while exposing certain minerals (e.g., sodalite, apatite).
- Phosphorescence: Light emitted without combustion, observed in minerals like celestite and willemite.
- Piezoelectric Effect: Generation of electric charge under mechanical stress (e.g., topaz, tourmaline).
Rock Forming Minerals
- Common rock-forming minerals include Olivine, Quartz, Amphibole, Mica, Feldspar, Pyroxenes, Calcite, and Pyrite.
Olivine
- Typically found in igneous rocks like basalt and gabbro.
- Appears in rounded shapes with a yellow-green color.
Quartz
- Glassy, transparent or translucent mineral, varying in colors from white to smoky.
- Generally hard, with irregularly shaped grains due to rare crystal faces.
Amphibole
- Most common amphibole is hornblende, characterized by long, thin, shiny crystals and diamond-shaped cross-sections.
Mica
- Recognized for its ability to cleave into flat, thin sheets.
- Comes in two varieties: Muscovite (light, pearly) and Biotite (dark, shiny).
Feldspar
- A prevalent light-colored rock-forming mineral, generally dull to opaque.
- Displays a porcelain-like appearance and can be scratched by quartz.
Pyroxene
- Common in igneous and metamorphic rocks; augite is a typical example, usually dark green to black.
Calcite
- A primary mineral in sedimentary rocks, often white to grey and reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid, producing bubbles (fizz test).
- Dolomite resembles calcite but requires powdering for proper acid reaction.
Pyrite
- A sulfide mineral known as "fool's gold," it is pale brassy yellow with a metallic luster.
- Found in small quantities across various rock types.
Physical Properties of Minerals
- Color: Visual attribute based on mineral composition.
- Luster: Appearance of the surface when light reflects off it.
- Hardness: Resistance to scratching; compared using Moh's Hardness Scale.
- Cleavage: Tendency to break along flat, smooth surfaces.
- Fracture: The surface texture when minerals break; types include conchoidal, even, uneven, and hackly.
- Habit: External shape and growth pattern of mineral crystals.
- Tenacity: Mineral’s resistance to breaking or deforming.
- Streak: Color of a mineral’s powder when scraped on a surface.
- Diaphaneity: Transparency or opacity of the mineral.
- Specific Gravity: Density of the mineral compared to water.
Bore Log
- Small diameter holes allow for soil and rock sample extraction.
- Example bore log report for Nooriabad construction indicating depth, moisture content, and unit weight of soil strata.
Example Bore Log Data
- Mechanical drilling conducted to 5m depth.
- At 2m: loose sand with 5% moisture, unit weight 18.5 pcf.
- Between 2m-5m: compacted gravels; dry part at 3% moisture, unit weight 20.5 pcf; wet part at 12% moisture, unit weight 31 pcf.
- Company "ABC" performed drilling for client "XYZ" near Quetta, Balochistan.
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Description
Explore the relationships between the Geologic Time Scale and Moh's Hardness Scale through this quiz. Test your understanding of mineral hardness, special properties, and more. Perfect for geology enthusiasts and students alike!
