Geography Unit 1: Map Projections and Locations

All map projections distort the shape, size, or distance of features on Earth's surface in order to represent it on a flat map.

<p>Elements of a map include: Title: Identifies the subject matter of the map. Legend: Explains the symbols used on the map. Scale: Indicates the relationship between the map and reality. Compass rose: Shows directions (north, south, east, west). Grid: Provides coordinates for reference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absolute location is determined by using latitude and longitude coordinates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absolute Location refers to a fixed, precise location on a map (using latitude and longitude coordinates). Relative Location is described by its relationship to other places. For instance, a place can be described as 'northwest of a town' or 'near a lake' based on relative location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New York = 40.7128° N, 74.0060° W Paris = 48.8566° N, 2.3522° E Shanghai = 31.2304° N, 121.4737° E Rio de Janeiro = -22.9068° S, -43.1729° W</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Snow mapped the cholera outbreak in London, identifying its source to a contaminated water pump. This discovery revolutionized disease study by demonstrating the importance of geographic location and data analysis in understanding the spread of disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Types of thematic maps include: Choropleth maps, Dot maps, Isoline maps, Proportional Symbol maps. Levels of Analysis include: Nominal (categories, not ranked), Ordinal (ranked, without equal spacing), Interval (ordered, with equal spacing), Ratio (true zero point).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental opportunities are resources or conditions that present advantages for human life and development. Environmental constraints are limitations or challenges that pose obstacles to human activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Culture is the total way of life of a group of people, encompassing their beliefs, practices, customs, traditions, language, arts, and social norms. Culture is dynamic and constantly evolving, shaped by interactions between people and their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Levels can be divided into visible/tangible aspects (food, clothing, music, art, language) and invisible/intangible aspects (beliefs, values, religion, ethics).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political: Government, laws, elections, voting Economic: Economic activities, income, jobs Social: Social interactions, customs, traditions, social groups Intellectual: Knowledge, education, ideas, innovation Religious: Religious beliefs, practices, ceremonies, sacred places Artistic: Art, music, literature, dance Geographic: Physical environment, climate, location, resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cultural hearth is a place where a culture originated and from which it then spreads. Major cultural hearths today include Mesopotamia, the Nile Valley, the Indus Valley, the Yellow River Valley, and Mesoamerica.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Silk Road facilitated cultural exchange between East and West by connecting merchants, travelers, and thinkers across Asia, Europe, and Africa. The Columbian Exchange refers to the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and ideas that occurred between the Americas and Europe following Columbus's voyages, greatly impacting cultures on both continents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Types of diffusion include: Expansion diffusion: A culture spreads outward from a central hearth (e.g., the spread of Christianity). Relocation diffusion: People move from one place to another, bringing their culture with them (e.g., the spread of pizza from Italy to the rest of the world). Hierarchical diffusion: A cultural trait spreads from a person or place of power to other people or places (e.g., fashion trends spreading from designers to the general public). Stimulus diffusion: The spread of an underlying idea but not the specific trait itself (e.g., the spread of the idea of fast food, leading to various fast food chains around the world).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fortune cookies are not actually a traditional Chinese food. They are thought to have originated in Japan in the 19th century and were later introduced to China by Japanese immigrants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modern-day Chinese food in the United States has been influenced by cultural diffusion. Many dishes have been adapted to suit American tastes, often using readily available ingredients and incorporating American spices and flavors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>McDonald's has successfully adapted its menu items to cater to local tastes and preferences in different countries, utilizing ingredients and flavors that are familiar and popular in each location. This strategy has facilitated their expansion across the globe, exemplifying stimulus diffusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homogenization refers to the process by which cultural differences become less distinct, leading to a greater uniformity in cultures. It can be driven by globalization and the spread of mass media, which can erode unique cultural practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>American companies like McDonald's have contributed to cultural homogeneity by spreading Western food and business practices to a global market. This has led to the adoption of similar tastes, preferences, and consumer behaviors worldwide, reducing cultural diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Falling fertility rates in many countries raise concerns about potential economic consequences, such as labor shortages, decreased productivity, and strained social security systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers