Geography: Mountains and Rivers Overview

Mountains

• Mountains are formed when the ground rises more than 300 meters.
• Hills are formed when the ground rises less than 300 meters.
• Maps are drawings of a terrain used for orientation.
• Relief maps show elevations.
• Topographic maps show man-made and natural features (mountains, lakes, rivers, roads, towns).
• A stand-alone mountain is a single mountain, like Mount Fuji.
• Mountain ranges are a series of mountains aligned together, like the Himalayas.
• Volcanic mountains are formed by volcanic activity.
• The Himalayas are located in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Bhutan, and Nepal.
• Features of the Andes Mountains include Lake Titicaca and the Atacama Desert.

Rivers

• Meanders are rivers that widen, creating S-shaped bends.
• The source is the starting point of a river, often formed by snowmelt from mountains.
• Floodplains are areas of land covered by deposited mud from floods, often becoming larger with repeated floods.
• Estuaries are the tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the river current.
• The mouth of a river is where the river flows into a larger body of water like a lake or ocean.
• Tributaries are river streams flowing into a larger river or lake.

Coasts

• Longshore drift is the movement of sand along coastlines.
• Sand dunes are large piles of sand formed by wind.
• Land reclamation is creating new land from the sea.
• Oil and gas are resources used by countries for their economy.
• Electricity is used in homes and powered machines.
• Fish farming is raising fish in controlled environments.
• Salt is a valuable mineral extracted from seawater.
• Breakwaters are structures built to protect coastlines from erosion.

Threats to Coasts

• Coastal erosion is a threat to coastlines.
• Possible solutions to coastal threats include various methods to reduce/prevent coastal erosion.

Cities (Nairobi, Kenya)

• Nairobi is located in the region of Kenya.
• Nairobi is a capital city known for its wildlife parks.
• Rapid urbanization and urban migration are major challenges for Nairobi.
• Shanty towns are a significant problem in Nairobi, leading to overcrowding and poverty.
• Positive aspects of living in Nairobi include access to better education.
• Nairobi experiences high levels of migration, with people moving from rural areas seeking jobs and opportunities.
• The population of Kenya is rapidly growing, leading to increased pressure on cities like Nairobi.
• Poorly planned neighborhoods with inappropriate housing are known as slum areas.

Food Exports

• Exporting food can bring income to less developed countries but can also have negative consequences when food exports are excessive.
• Food exports can lead to not having enough food to feed local residents, food shortages, and higher prices for local residents.
• Large-scale farming, encouraged by food exports, can also cause environmental problems and potentially displace small farmers.
• Balancing economic benefits of food exports with food security for the country's population is important.

Sand Dunes

• Protecting the beauty and wildlife of sand dunes while allowing people to enjoy themselves requires comprehensive solutions.

Living in a City

• Advantages and disadvantages of living in a city are important to consider.

River Diagram

• Specific components of a river diagram should be labeled and matched with the correct terms. (Note: Diagram labels are needed because the text alone cannot identify them accurately.)

Coastal Erosion

• Coastal erosion is a significant concern on coasts.
• Various methods to reduce or prevent coastal erosion are important.

Pollution

• Causes of pollution are related to pictures displayed.

Explore the fascinating features of mountains and rivers in this quiz. Learn about formation processes, types of maps, and specific mountain ranges. Test your knowledge on geographical terms and key concepts related to these natural wonders.