Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the phenotype of all offspring resulting from the cross of two homozygous recessive parents (pp * pp)?
What is the phenotype of all offspring resulting from the cross of two homozygous recessive parents (pp * pp)?
- Heterozygous dominant
- Homozygous recessive (correct)
- Heterozygous recessive
- Homozygous dominant
Which principle did Mendel discover that explains how alleles segregate during gamete formation?
Which principle did Mendel discover that explains how alleles segregate during gamete formation?
- Principle of Variation
- Principle of Independent Assortment
- Principle of Dominance
- Principle of Segregation (correct)
What is the complete set of chromosomes in an organism called?
What is the complete set of chromosomes in an organism called?
- Chromatid
- Chromosome complement
- Karyotype (correct)
- Genotype
What is the result of Down's syndrome (trisomy 21)?
What is the result of Down's syndrome (trisomy 21)?
What does it mean when heterozygous chickens have black and white speckled feathers?
What does it mean when heterozygous chickens have black and white speckled feathers?
What is the process of producing sex cells called?
What is the process of producing sex cells called?
Which type of mutation is likely to make an organism less able to survive?
Which type of mutation is likely to make an organism less able to survive?
What term describes the observable physical characteristics of an organism?
What term describes the observable physical characteristics of an organism?
What does a karyotype analyze?
What does a karyotype analyze?
Which condition results from the gain of a single chromosome?
Which condition results from the gain of a single chromosome?
What is the effect of inbreeding on genetic diversity?
What is the effect of inbreeding on genetic diversity?
Which of the following describes outcrossing?
Which of the following describes outcrossing?
What does grading up refer to in breeding practices?
What does grading up refer to in breeding practices?
Flashcards
Phenotype Prediction
Phenotype Prediction
The phenotype of offspring can be predicted from parents' genotypes, like pp*pp resulting in all pp.
Mendel's Principles
Mendel's Principles
Mendel discovered principles of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment in genetics.
Karyotype
Karyotype
A complete set of chromosomes in an organism, arranged and displayed.
Down's Syndrome Cause
Down's Syndrome Cause
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Heterozygous Example
Heterozygous Example
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Condominance
Condominance
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Gametes production
Gametes production
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Harmful mutation
Harmful mutation
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Phenotype
Phenotype
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Genotype
Genotype
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Polyploidy
Polyploidy
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Outcrossing
Outcrossing
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Study Notes
Genotype vs. Phenotype
- Genotype predicts phenotype.
- Homozygous recessive offspring have the genotype pp, pp, pp.
Mendel's Discoveries
- Discovered the principle of dominance.
- Discovered the principle of segregation.
- Discovered the principle of independent assortment.
- Birds and mammals do not have the same sex chromosomes (False).
Genotype Manipulation
- Animal genotypes can be manipulated by breeding (True).
Complete Chromosome Set
- A complete set of chromosomes is called a karyotype.
Chromosome Number
- All body cells (except gametes) have a diploid chromosome number. (True)
Down's Syndrome
- Down's syndrome (trisomy 21) occurs due to homologous chromosomes not separating during meiosis.
Predicting Offspring Phenotypes
- Parents' genotypes can predict offspring phenotypes.
- Crossing two heterozygous parents (Yy x Yy) produces offspring with genotypes YY, Yy, Yy, yy.
Codominance Example
- Heterozygous chickens with black and white speckled feathers are an example of codominance.
Phenotype Factors
- Many factors can alter an animal's phenotype. (True).
Gametogenesis Definition
- Gametogenesis refers to the production of sex cells.
Genetic Disorder Causation
- Only changes in chromosome structure can cause genetic disorders (False).
Embryo Chromosome Number
- The embryo has a diploid, not haploid, number of chromosomes (False).
Mutations
- Mutations can make an organism less able to survive.
Animal Characteristics
- Characteristics of animals include eye color, hair color, height, tail length, and diseases.
Karyotyping Information
- Karyotyping provides information about chromosome number, sex, and structural abnormalities.
Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes
- Autosomes contain genes for somatic characteristics.
- Sex chromosomes contain genes for sexual characteristics.
Genotype-Phenotype Relationship
- Two individuals with the same genotype in the same environment may have the same phenotype.
Polyploidy and Aneuploidy
- Polyploidy: chromosomal numbers are multiples of normal haploids (3n or 4n).
- Aneuploidy: gain or loss of a single chromosome.
Chromosome Structure Variations
- Chromosome structure variations include deletion, duplication, translocation, and inversion.
Mating Systems
- Inbreeding (increases homozygosity)
- Line breeding (Increases homozygosity)
- Outbreeding (increases heterozygosity)
- Species crossing
- Cross breeding
Domestication Prerequisites
- Domestic animals should adapt to feed types, survive, and reproduce.
- They may need to be calm around humans.
Animal Breeding Objectives
- Breeding may improve productivity and introduce beneficial genes.
Breed Definition
- A breed group of animals is uniform due to selective breeding.
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