Genetics Quiz 1 PDF

The genotype of the parents can be used to predict the phenotype of then offspring (pp*pp) Describe the phenotype of all offspring Homozygous recessive pp pp pp What do you know about Mendel father? He discovered : thee principle of dominance The principle of segregation The principle of independent...

The genotype of the parents can be used to predict the phenotype of then offspring (pp*pp) Describe the phenotype of all offspring Homozygous recessive pp pp pp What do you know about Mendel father? He discovered : thee principle of dominance The principle of segregation The principle of independent assortment Birds and mammals have same sex chromosomes False An animals genotype can be manipulated by breeding True A complete set of chromosome is called a? Karyotype All cells in the body except gametes have the diploid number of chromosome True Down’s syndrome ( trisomy 21 ) is result of Failure of homologues chromosomal to separate normally during meiosis The genotypes of the parents can be used to predict the phenotypes of the offspring Predict the genotypes of the offspring by crossing two heterozygous pooled parents Yy*yY Offspring : YY Yy YY Yy yY Heterzygous chickens which have black and white speckled feathers is an example of? Condominance Many factors alter the animal phenotype True What is the term for production of sex cells Gametogensis Only changes in chromosome structure can cause genetic disorder False The embryo has the haploid number of chromosome False Mutations make the organism less able to survive (cause death) Harmful mutation Cells contain half number 1N of chromosomes Spermatozoa Genotype: actual gene makeup Phenotype : physical appearance Examples of phenotype : Eye color Hair color Height Length of foxs tail Examples of genotypes, genes responsible for Hair colorch Hieght Certain diseases Genome is known as diploid The total number of chromosomes is called the 2nd number What are the information obtained from a Karotype Number of chromosomes Sex Presence or absence of individual chromosome Structural abnormalities Chromosomes functions Autosomes : contains genes that control somatic characters Sex chromosomes : contains genes that control sexual characters Relationship between phenotype and genotype P=G+E Two individuals with same genotype in the same environmental should be the same Variations in chromosomes number Polyploidy:chromosomal number that is a multiple of normal haploid (3n or 4n) Aneuploidy:gain or loss of a single chromosome Monosomy: loss of a single chromosome (2n-1) Trisomy: gain o a single chromosome (2n+1) Variations in chromosome structure -deletion: loss of a chromosome material -Duplication:extra copies of chromosomes -translocation:transfer of a chromosome part to another -inversion: order of chromosome segments is reversed T : Dominant t : recessive TT : homozygous Tt : heterozygous Male birds : ZZ Female birds : ZW Chicken :78 Cat : 38 Dog : 78 Goat 60 Sheep : 54 Cattle : 60 Horse : 64 Donkey : 62 Lama : 74 Rabbit : 44 Mating system In breeding ( increase hemozygosity ) -intensive breeding -line breeding Out breeding (increase heterozygosity) -species cross -cross breeding -out crossing -grading up Why do we do cross breedin? To bring good genes Increase productivity Grading up: mating sires to commercial grade females Outcrossing vs cross breeding Outcrossing : out breeding within a breed Cross breeding : outbreeding of animals of different breeds Domestication : process of conversion of wild animals to domestic use What are the prerequisites for domestication? Animal should be adapt to the type of feed Able to survive and reproduce Naturally calm Human as their superior Breed : a group of certain species that through generations of selective breeding become uniform Charles Darwin : the animal were different that what we see today What are the negative effects of animal breeding? Broilers : metabolic health problems due to fast growth Laying : increased bone fractures due to calcium not enough Dairy cows : reduced fertility High fraction of difficult births