Genomes: Content, Structure, and Organization
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Questions and Answers

Which end of a DNA strand is always the phosphate end?

  • Both 5' and 3' ends
  • 5' end (correct)
  • 3' end
  • Neither 5' nor 3' end

What type of molecule is RNA?

  • Amino acid
  • Lipid
  • Double-stranded
  • Polymeric (correct)

In DNA replication, where can DNA Polymerase add nucleotides?

  • Any random location on the strand
  • Only the 5' end
  • Only the 3' end (correct)
  • Both 5' and 3' ends

What type of nitrogenous base is Uracil in RNA?

<p>Pyrimidine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes RNA less stable than DNA?

<p>Having ribose sugar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'mRNA' conveys genetic information from DNA to which cellular component?

<p>Ribosome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ribosomes in translation?

<p>Facilitate the linking of amino acids into polypeptide chains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the triplet code in genetic instructions?

<p>It corresponds to the amino acids in a polypeptide chain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleotide triplet represents the start codon for protein synthesis?

<p>AUG (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of regulatory RNA elements in gene expression?

<p>Regulate expression of downstream genes by binding to cellular metabolites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the central dogma, how are cells governed in terms of genetic information flow?

<p>By a directional flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are small interfering RNAs commonly used in laboratory settings?

<p>To disable specific genes for functional investigation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the substance first isolated from the nucleus of white blood cells and spermatozoids by Friedrich Miescher in 1869?

<p>Nuclein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who identified the two types of nucleic acids, later known as RNA and DNA?

<p>Albretcht Kossell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four bases of DNA that were identified in 1929?

<p>A, G, T, C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In DNA, what are the nitrogenous bases that form the purines group?

<p>Guanine, Adenine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the backbone of DNA made up of?

<p>Alternating phosphate and deoxyribose sugar parts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered that there are always equal amounts of the bases in DNA, known as Chargaff’s Rule?

<p>Erwin Chargaff (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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