Genomes: Content, Structure, and Organization
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Questions and Answers

Which end of a DNA strand is always the phosphate end?

  • Both 5' and 3' ends
  • 5' end (correct)
  • 3' end
  • Neither 5' nor 3' end
  • What type of molecule is RNA?

  • Amino acid
  • Lipid
  • Double-stranded
  • Polymeric (correct)
  • In DNA replication, where can DNA Polymerase add nucleotides?

  • Any random location on the strand
  • Only the 5' end
  • Only the 3' end (correct)
  • Both 5' and 3' ends
  • What type of nitrogenous base is Uracil in RNA?

    <p>Pyrimidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes RNA less stable than DNA?

    <p>Having ribose sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'mRNA' conveys genetic information from DNA to which cellular component?

    <p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomes in translation?

    <p>Facilitate the linking of amino acids into polypeptide chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the triplet code in genetic instructions?

    <p>It corresponds to the amino acids in a polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleotide triplet represents the start codon for protein synthesis?

    <p>AUG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of regulatory RNA elements in gene expression?

    <p>Regulate expression of downstream genes by binding to cellular metabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the central dogma, how are cells governed in terms of genetic information flow?

    <p>By a directional flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are small interfering RNAs commonly used in laboratory settings?

    <p>To disable specific genes for functional investigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the substance first isolated from the nucleus of white blood cells and spermatozoids by Friedrich Miescher in 1869?

    <p>Nuclein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who identified the two types of nucleic acids, later known as RNA and DNA?

    <p>Albretcht Kossell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four bases of DNA that were identified in 1929?

    <p>A, G, T, C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In DNA, what are the nitrogenous bases that form the purines group?

    <p>Guanine, Adenine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the backbone of DNA made up of?

    <p>Alternating phosphate and deoxyribose sugar parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered that there are always equal amounts of the bases in DNA, known as Chargaff’s Rule?

    <p>Erwin Chargaff</p> Signup and view all the answers

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