18 Questions
Which end of a DNA strand is always the phosphate end?
5' end
What type of molecule is RNA?
Polymeric
In DNA replication, where can DNA Polymerase add nucleotides?
Only the 3' end
What type of nitrogenous base is Uracil in RNA?
Pyrimidine
What makes RNA less stable than DNA?
Having ribose sugar
'mRNA' conveys genetic information from DNA to which cellular component?
Ribosome
What is the function of ribosomes in translation?
Facilitate the linking of amino acids into polypeptide chains
What is the significance of the triplet code in genetic instructions?
It corresponds to the amino acids in a polypeptide chain
Which nucleotide triplet represents the start codon for protein synthesis?
AUG
What is the role of regulatory RNA elements in gene expression?
Regulate expression of downstream genes by binding to cellular metabolites
According to the central dogma, how are cells governed in terms of genetic information flow?
By a directional flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein
How are small interfering RNAs commonly used in laboratory settings?
To disable specific genes for functional investigation
What was the substance first isolated from the nucleus of white blood cells and spermatozoids by Friedrich Miescher in 1869?
Nuclein
Who identified the two types of nucleic acids, later known as RNA and DNA?
Albretcht Kossell
What are the four bases of DNA that were identified in 1929?
A, G, T, C
In DNA, what are the nitrogenous bases that form the purines group?
Guanine, Adenine
What is the backbone of DNA made up of?
Alternating phosphate and deoxyribose sugar parts
Who discovered that there are always equal amounts of the bases in DNA, known as Chargaff’s Rule?
Erwin Chargaff
Explore the concept of genomes which encompasses all the genetic material in an organism, comprising DNA or RNA, genes, and regulatory elements. Delve into the historical beginnings of genome research from Friedrich Miescher's discovery to the identification of nucleic acids by Richard Altmann and Albretcht Kossell.
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