Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) for Bacteria

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What is the name of the transcriptional regulator that activates the ESX-1 secretion system during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?

GWAS

Young

espR (correct)

Genestet

What is the primary function of the ESX-1 secretion system in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

To release toxins that damage host cells

To interrupt key steps in innate immune mechanisms against the pathogen (correct)

To promote the adhesion of the bacteria to host cells

To enhance the host's innate immune mechanisms against the pathogen

What is the significance of Mtb microdiversity within clinical isolates in relation to TB disease severity?

It is associated with decreased TB disease severity

It is only found in multidrug-resistant cases

It is associated with increased TB disease severity (correct)

It has no correlation with TB disease severity

What is the purpose of incubating the bacterial supernatant with washed human cells in a study on Staphylococcus aureus toxicity?

To quantify the toxicity of the bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the study that identified new resistance mechanisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis through genome-wide association studies?

The CRyPTIC Consortium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the study by Genestet et al.?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetic features associated with pulmonary tuberculosis severity Signup and view all the answers

What was the first successful GWAS that identified the genetic basis of a disease?

Macular degeneration Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the potential applications of GWAS in bacteria?

Identifying genetic basis of antibiotic resistance Signup and view all the answers

Who published a paper on characterizing the genetic basis of bacterial phenotypes using GWAS?

Massey and Read Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the GWAS study on antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Identified known resistance markers and 39 new genomic regions Signup and view all the answers

What was the number of newly sequenced M. tuberculosis whole genomes used in the GWAS study?

116 Signup and view all the answers

What was the methodology used to identify genomic regions associated with antibiotic resistance in M. tuberculosis?

Genome-wide association study Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of modeling phenotypic, genomic, and clinical data in the described project?

To determine the most predictive features of patient death within 30 days Signup and view all the answers

What was a surprising discovery about capsule expression in the studied bacterial isolates?

That it varies greatly within a single clone Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential application of GWAS in understanding bacteria, according to the text?

Identifying novel virulence traits Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with switching off capsule expression in the studied bacterial isolates?

Polymorphisms in the capA gene Signup and view all the answers

What type of data was modeled in the described project to predict patient death?

Phenotypic, genomic, and clinical data Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame within which patient death was predicted in the described project?

30 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of serum on the expression and activity of toxins in Staphylococcus aureus?

Serum upregulates the expression of toxins but neutralizes their activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of bacteraemic isolates in terms of toxicity?

They are less toxic Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of low-toxicity bacteria in the bloodstream?

They have improved fitness in the presence of serum Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using transposon mutants in this study?

To functionally verify GWAS results Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Nebraska Transposon Mutant Library (NTML)?

It is a genetic library used for functional verification Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between bacterial fitness and toxicity in the bloodstream?

Low-toxicity bacteria are more fit in the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers