Genetics: Replication, Transcription, and Translation
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Questions and Answers

During DNA replication, what is the purpose of the template strand?

  • To serve as a basis for creating the complementary strand (correct)
  • To initiate translation
  • To create a messenger RNA
  • To release the mRNA from the ribosome

    • What is the role of the small subunit in translation?

  • To release the mRNA from the ribosome
  • To bind with the tRNA and amino acids
  • To bind with the large subunit and the mRNA strand (correct)
  • To bind with the mRNA strand

    • What are the two types of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

  • Sugar and phosphate
  • Adenine and cytosine
  • Purines and pyrimidines (correct)
  • Ribose and phosphate

    • What is the result of a substitution mutation?

    <p>A base is replaced by one of the three other bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initiation codon also the codon for?

    <p>The amino acid methionine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the central dogma?

    <p>To bring the code for protein synthesis from DNA to ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complementary base pairing rule for adenine in DNA?

    <p>Adenine pairs with thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second step in gene expression?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a frameshift mutation?

    <p>A change in the reading frame of the genetic code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

    <p>To pick up amino acids in the cytoplasm and fit them into the growing polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sugar molecule found in RNA?

    <p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the flow of genetic information from DNA to proteins?

    <p>Central dogma of molecular biology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mode of speciation that happens slowly but consistently over time?

    <p>Gradualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals with desirable characteristics?

    <p>Artificial selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the evolutionary process by which a single species evolves into multiple new species in a short period of time?

    <p>Adaptive radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a cell that has more than two complete sets of chromosomes?

    <p>Polypoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which new species arise?

    <p>Speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a geographic barrier isolates a population and leads to the formation of a new species?

    <p>Allopatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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