Genetics: Replication, Transcription, and Translation

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During DNA replication, what is the purpose of the template strand?

To serve as a basis for creating the complementary strand (correct)

To initiate translation

To create a messenger RNA

To release the mRNA from the ribosome

What is the role of the small subunit in translation?

To release the mRNA from the ribosome

To bind with the tRNA and amino acids

To bind with the large subunit and the mRNA strand (correct)

To bind with the mRNA strand

What are the two types of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Sugar and phosphate

Adenine and cytosine

Purines and pyrimidines (correct)

Ribose and phosphate

What is the result of a substitution mutation?

A base is replaced by one of the three other bases Signup and view all the answers

What is the initiation codon also the codon for?

The amino acid methionine Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the central dogma?

To bring the code for protein synthesis from DNA to ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the complementary base pairing rule for adenine in DNA?

Adenine pairs with thymine Signup and view all the answers

What is the second step in gene expression?

Translation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a frameshift mutation?

A change in the reading frame of the genetic code Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

To pick up amino acids in the cytoplasm and fit them into the growing polypeptide chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the sugar molecule found in RNA?

Ribose Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the flow of genetic information from DNA to proteins?

Central dogma of molecular biology Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the mode of speciation that happens slowly but consistently over time?

Gradualism Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals with desirable characteristics?

Artificial selection Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the evolutionary process by which a single species evolves into multiple new species in a short period of time?

Adaptive radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a cell that has more than two complete sets of chromosomes?

Polypoid Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which new species arise?

Speciation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which a geographic barrier isolates a population and leads to the formation of a new species?

Allopatric speciation Signup and view all the answers