Genetics Quiz on DNA and Gene Expression
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Questions and Answers

What is the structural and functional unit of chromatin fiber?

  • Chromatin
  • Gene
  • Chromatid
  • Nucleosome (correct)

    • How many histone proteins are found in the core of a nucleosome?

  • 10
  • 4
  • 8 (correct)
  • 6

    • What is the approximate length of DNA based on 32 base pairs?

  • 0.34 µm
  • 1.5-2 µm (correct)
  • 32 µm
  • 5-20 µm

    • What is the total number of genes present in the genome?

    <p>12,500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed by wrapping 146 base pairs around a histone protein?

    <p>Nucleosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of the processes described in the central dogma?

    <p>DNA Transcription → mRNA Translation → Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about DNA is accurate?

    <p>DNA does not leave the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reverse transcription?

    <p>To convert mRNA to DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the genome is typically represented by euchromatin?

    <p>2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens prior to cell division?

    <p>Replication of DNA occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does gene expression primarily occur?

    <p>In the cell nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of helicase in the process of gene expression?

    <p>To unwind the DNA molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of strand does RNA polymerase transcribe from?

    <p>The template strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to introns during the modification of mRNA?

    <p>They are removed from the mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the mature mRNA molecule?

    <p>It travels to the ribosome for protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is splicing primarily responsible for in the mRNA molecule?

    <p>Joining exons and removing introns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the addition of a poly(A) tail to mRNA involve?

    <p>Adding 100-250 adenine nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following modifications involves the addition of a 5' cap?

    <p>Capping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of introns in the splicing process?

    <p>They are removed during splicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical modification of guanosine known as?

    <p>7-methyl Guanosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do nuclear pores play in relation to mRNA?

    <p>They allow mRNA to exit the nucleus for translation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do nuclear pores contribute to the protection of mRNA molecules?

    <p>They protect mRNA from degradation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of malfunctioning nuclear pores?

    <p>mRNA cannot exit the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of nuclear pores stated in the document?

    <p>Increase lifespan of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to mRNA without the function of nuclear pores?

    <p>mRNA cannot exit the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of a cell's life is spent in interphase?

    <p>93%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for the formation of gametes?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does the replication of chromosomes occur?

    <p>S Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell division occurs in prokaryotes?

    <p>Binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the G1 Phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>Cell increases in size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of mitosis in a cell?

    <p>To divide the cell nucleus into two identical nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of mitosis involves the chromosomes becoming visible and condensed?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What follows the completion of mitosis in the cell division process?

    <p>Cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many main steps are there in the process of mitosis?

    <p>Two main steps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during metaphase in cell division?

    <p>Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of spindle fibers during anaphase?

    <p>They pull sister chromatids toward opposite poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs right after the centromeres split during anaphase?

    <p>Sister chromatids become individual chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the initial stage of cell division?

    <p>The spindle fibers form between the centrioles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of centrioles during cell division?

    <p>They migrate to opposite ends of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cytokinesis in cell division?

    <p>Divide the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following events occurs during telophase?

    <p>Nuclear envelope reforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of meiosis?

    <p>Halving the chromosome number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms to aid in the division of the parent cell during cytokinesis?

    <p>Cleavage furrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of cell division is characterized by the uncoiling of chromosomes?

    <p>Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main product of meiosis?

    <p>Four haploid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of meiosis involves the formation of tetrads?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times does cell division occur during meiosis?

    <p>Twice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during interphase before meiosis begins?

    <p>Chromosomes replicate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following phases is NOT part of meiosis?

    <p>Synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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