Genetics Quiz on DNA and Gene Expression

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What is the structural and functional unit of chromatin fiber?

Chromatin

Gene

Chromatid

Nucleosome (correct)

How many histone proteins are found in the core of a nucleosome?

10

4

8 (correct)

6

What is the approximate length of DNA based on 32 base pairs?

0.34 µm

1.5-2 µm (correct)

32 µm

5-20 µm

What is the total number of genes present in the genome?

12,500 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is formed by wrapping 146 base pairs around a histone protein?

Nucleosome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the processes described in the central dogma?

DNA Transcription → mRNA Translation → Protein (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about DNA is accurate?

DNA does not leave the nucleus. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reverse transcription?

To convert mRNA to DNA. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the genome is typically represented by euchromatin?

2% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens prior to cell division?

Replication of DNA occurs. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where does gene expression primarily occur?

In the cell nucleus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of helicase in the process of gene expression?

To unwind the DNA molecule (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of strand does RNA polymerase transcribe from?

The template strand (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to introns during the modification of mRNA?

They are removed from the mRNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the mature mRNA molecule?

It travels to the ribosome for protein synthesis. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is splicing primarily responsible for in the mRNA molecule?

Joining exons and removing introns (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the addition of a poly(A) tail to mRNA involve?

Adding 100-250 adenine nucleotides (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following modifications involves the addition of a 5' cap?

Capping (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of introns in the splicing process?

They are removed during splicing (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical modification of guanosine known as?

7-methyl Guanosine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role do nuclear pores play in relation to mRNA?

They allow mRNA to exit the nucleus for translation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do nuclear pores contribute to the protection of mRNA molecules?

They protect mRNA from degradation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of malfunctioning nuclear pores?

mRNA cannot exit the nucleus. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one function of nuclear pores stated in the document?

Increase lifespan of the cell. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to mRNA without the function of nuclear pores?

mRNA cannot exit the nucleus. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of a cell's life is spent in interphase?

93% (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for the formation of gametes?

Meiosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does the replication of chromosomes occur?

S Phase (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell division occurs in prokaryotes?

Binary fission (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the G1 Phase of the cell cycle?

Cell increases in size (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of mitosis in a cell?

To divide the cell nucleus into two identical nuclei (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of mitosis involves the chromosomes becoming visible and condensed?

Prophase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What follows the completion of mitosis in the cell division process?

Cytokinesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate?

Anaphase (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many main steps are there in the process of mitosis?

Two main steps (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during metaphase in cell division?

Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of spindle fibers during anaphase?

They pull sister chromatids toward opposite poles. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs right after the centromeres split during anaphase?

Sister chromatids become individual chromosomes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the initial stage of cell division?

The spindle fibers form between the centrioles. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of centrioles during cell division?

They migrate to opposite ends of the cell. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cytokinesis in cell division?

Divide the cytoplasm (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events occurs during telophase?

Nuclear envelope reforms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of meiosis?

Halving the chromosome number (D) Signup and view all the answers