Cell Biology: Chromatin Structure and Gene Expression
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic feature of euchromatin?

  • Specific histone modifications like H3K4 di- or trimethylation (correct)
  • Linked with gene silencing
  • Marked by H3K9 trimethylation and H4K20 trimethylation
  • Condensed structure

What is the typical feature of heterochromatin?

  • Marked by H3K9 trimethylation and H4K20 trimethylation (correct)
  • Linked with active gene expression
  • Marked by H3K4 di- or trimethylation
  • Less condensed structure

What happens to the overall structural organization of nuclear DNA during aging and cancer development?

  • It becomes compromised (correct)
  • It is completely lost
  • It becomes more organized
  • It remains unchanged

What is a potential outcome for aged cells with altered epigenome?

<p>They can acquire either tumor suppressive or oncogenic programs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the subpopulation of aged cells with cancer driving mutations and epigenetic alterations?

<p>They undergo clonal expansion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes oncogenic transformations from normal, nontumorigenic age-associated changes?

<p>The different genomic regions involved (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of epigenetic changes during aging?

<p>They follow a program resulting in a specific transcriptome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHF) during senescence?

<p>To establish a heterochromatic region with specific markers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of continuous cell division cycles in aging cells?

<p>Constant DNA damage and oxidative stress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of chromatin alterations in cancer cells?

<p>Formation of transcriptional hubs and super enhancer domains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of understanding common molecular mechanisms driving epigenetic alterations in cancer and noncancerous aged cells?

<p>To develop better therapeutic strategies and markers for early cancer detection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following genes are normally silenced in somatic cells but can be ectopically expressed in aging and cancer cells?

<p>Extraembryonic antigens and cancer germline antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of large-scale reorganizations in the genome?

<p>Incidental gene expression changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of telomere deprotection in aging cells?

<p>Constant stress and large-scale epigenetic changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential benefit of anti-aging strategies such as senolytics and senomorphics?

<p>Targeting and mitigating multiple age-related processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of transcriptional hubs in cancer cells?

<p>They meet the demand for high expression of oncogenic genes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hTERT in aging cells?

<p>Efficient DNA repair and reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between continuous cell division cycles and age-related epigenetic changes?

<p>Continuous cell division cycles enable age-related epigenetic changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible outcome of aberrant DNA methylation in gastric epithelial cells?

<p>Inflammation and potentially gastric cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in cancer?

<p>Regulation of NOX-derived reactive oxygen species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes on gene expression?

<p>Differential patterns of DNA methylation and gene expression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of acetate in mitochondrial metabolism?

<p>Coupling to mitochondrial metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between l-carnitine and mitochondria?

<p>l-carnitine prevents metabolic inflexibility and disease initiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of telomeres in human disease?

<p>Telomeres contribute to the development of human diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hallmark of the alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway?

<p>Loss of ATRX and genome instability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of telomerase, as described in the literature?

<p>Its nontelomeric activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of a recent scientific study, as described in the literature?

<p>The role of senolytics in cancer therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between telomerase expression and epigenetic ageing?

<p>Telomerase expression has no effect on epigenetic ageing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of science-driven nutritional interventions, as described in the literature?

<p>To prevent and treat cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA, RNA, and histone methylation in ageing and cancer, as described in the literature?

<p>They play a role in ageing and cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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