Cell Biology: Chromatin Structure and Gene Expression
30 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic feature of euchromatin?

  • Specific histone modifications like H3K4 di- or trimethylation (correct)
  • Linked with gene silencing
  • Marked by H3K9 trimethylation and H4K20 trimethylation
  • Condensed structure

    • What is the typical feature of heterochromatin?

  • Marked by H3K9 trimethylation and H4K20 trimethylation (correct)
  • Linked with active gene expression
  • Marked by H3K4 di- or trimethylation
  • Less condensed structure

    • What happens to the overall structural organization of nuclear DNA during aging and cancer development?

  • It becomes compromised (correct)
  • It is completely lost
  • It becomes more organized
  • It remains unchanged

    • What is a potential outcome for aged cells with altered epigenome?

    <p>They can acquire either tumor suppressive or oncogenic programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the subpopulation of aged cells with cancer driving mutations and epigenetic alterations?

    <p>They undergo clonal expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes oncogenic transformations from normal, nontumorigenic age-associated changes?

    <p>The different genomic regions involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of epigenetic changes during aging?

    <p>They follow a program resulting in a specific transcriptome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHF) during senescence?

    <p>To establish a heterochromatic region with specific markers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of continuous cell division cycles in aging cells?

    <p>Constant DNA damage and oxidative stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of chromatin alterations in cancer cells?

    <p>Formation of transcriptional hubs and super enhancer domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of understanding common molecular mechanisms driving epigenetic alterations in cancer and noncancerous aged cells?

    <p>To develop better therapeutic strategies and markers for early cancer detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following genes are normally silenced in somatic cells but can be ectopically expressed in aging and cancer cells?

    <p>Extraembryonic antigens and cancer germline antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of large-scale reorganizations in the genome?

    <p>Incidental gene expression changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of telomere deprotection in aging cells?

    <p>Constant stress and large-scale epigenetic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential benefit of anti-aging strategies such as senolytics and senomorphics?

    <p>Targeting and mitigating multiple age-related processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of transcriptional hubs in cancer cells?

    <p>They meet the demand for high expression of oncogenic genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hTERT in aging cells?

    <p>Efficient DNA repair and reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between continuous cell division cycles and age-related epigenetic changes?

    <p>Continuous cell division cycles enable age-related epigenetic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible outcome of aberrant DNA methylation in gastric epithelial cells?

    <p>Inflammation and potentially gastric cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in cancer?

    <p>Regulation of NOX-derived reactive oxygen species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes on gene expression?

    <p>Differential patterns of DNA methylation and gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of acetate in mitochondrial metabolism?

    <p>Coupling to mitochondrial metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between l-carnitine and mitochondria?

    <p>l-carnitine prevents metabolic inflexibility and disease initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of telomeres in human disease?

    <p>Telomeres contribute to the development of human diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hallmark of the alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway?

    <p>Loss of ATRX and genome instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of telomerase, as described in the literature?

    <p>Its nontelomeric activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of a recent scientific study, as described in the literature?

    <p>The role of senolytics in cancer therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between telomerase expression and epigenetic ageing?

    <p>Telomerase expression has no effect on epigenetic ageing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of science-driven nutritional interventions, as described in the literature?

    <p>To prevent and treat cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA, RNA, and histone methylation in ageing and cancer, as described in the literature?

    <p>They play a role in ageing and cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser