30 Questions
What is the characteristic feature of euchromatin?
Specific histone modifications like H3K4 di- or trimethylation
What is the typical feature of heterochromatin?
Marked by H3K9 trimethylation and H4K20 trimethylation
What happens to the overall structural organization of nuclear DNA during aging and cancer development?
It becomes compromised
What is a potential outcome for aged cells with altered epigenome?
They can acquire either tumor suppressive or oncogenic programs
What happens to the subpopulation of aged cells with cancer driving mutations and epigenetic alterations?
They undergo clonal expansion
What distinguishes oncogenic transformations from normal, nontumorigenic age-associated changes?
The different genomic regions involved
What is a common characteristic of epigenetic changes during aging?
They follow a program resulting in a specific transcriptome
What is the primary function of senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHF) during senescence?
To establish a heterochromatic region with specific markers
What is a consequence of continuous cell division cycles in aging cells?
Constant DNA damage and oxidative stress
What is a common feature of chromatin alterations in cancer cells?
Formation of transcriptional hubs and super enhancer domains
What is the primary goal of understanding common molecular mechanisms driving epigenetic alterations in cancer and noncancerous aged cells?
To develop better therapeutic strategies and markers for early cancer detection
Which of the following genes are normally silenced in somatic cells but can be ectopically expressed in aging and cancer cells?
Extraembryonic antigens and cancer germline antigens
What is the consequence of large-scale reorganizations in the genome?
Incidental gene expression changes
What is the consequence of telomere deprotection in aging cells?
Constant stress and large-scale epigenetic changes
What is the potential benefit of anti-aging strategies such as senolytics and senomorphics?
Targeting and mitigating multiple age-related processes
What is the primary characteristic of transcriptional hubs in cancer cells?
They meet the demand for high expression of oncogenic genes
What is the role of hTERT in aging cells?
Efficient DNA repair and reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress
What is the relationship between continuous cell division cycles and age-related epigenetic changes?
Continuous cell division cycles enable age-related epigenetic changes
What is a possible outcome of aberrant DNA methylation in gastric epithelial cells?
Inflammation and potentially gastric cancer
What is the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in cancer?
Regulation of NOX-derived reactive oxygen species
What is the effect of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes on gene expression?
Differential patterns of DNA methylation and gene expression
What is the role of acetate in mitochondrial metabolism?
Coupling to mitochondrial metabolism
What is the relationship between l-carnitine and mitochondria?
l-carnitine prevents metabolic inflexibility and disease initiation
What is the role of telomeres in human disease?
Telomeres contribute to the development of human diseases
What is a hallmark of the alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway?
Loss of ATRX and genome instability
What is a key feature of telomerase, as described in the literature?
Its nontelomeric activities
What is the focus of a recent scientific study, as described in the literature?
The role of senolytics in cancer therapy
What is the relationship between telomerase expression and epigenetic ageing?
Telomerase expression has no effect on epigenetic ageing
What is the goal of science-driven nutritional interventions, as described in the literature?
To prevent and treat cancer
What is the role of DNA, RNA, and histone methylation in ageing and cancer, as described in the literature?
They play a role in ageing and cancer
Learn about the differences between euchromatin and heterochromatin, their characteristic histone modifications, and how they relate to gene expression and silencing in cell biology.
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