Chromatin Structure and Gene Expression Regulation
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of histones in the nucleosome structure?

  • To provide a scaffold for the DNA helix to wind around (correct)
  • To transport mRNA out of the nucleus
  • To synthesize proteins in the cytoplasm
  • To regulate gene expression through acetylation and methylation

How does histone H1 affect the chromatin structure?

  • H1 stabilizes the solenoidal chromatin structure (correct)
  • H1 has no effect on chromatin structure
  • H1 disrupts the formation of nucleosome assemblages
  • H1 transports mRNA out of the nucleus

How does acetylation and methylation of histone tails affect gene expression?

  • Acetylation disrupts nucleosome formation, while methylation stabilizes it (correct)
  • Acetylation and methylation control protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
  • Acetylation and methylation regulate the transport of mRNA out of the nucleus
  • Acetylation and methylation have no effect on gene expression

What is the primary role of mRNA in gene expression?

<p>mRNA conveys the genetic information for protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the highly compacted solenoidal chromatin structure?

<p>To regulate gene expression through histone modifications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a ribosome in the process of gene expression?

<p>To translate the genetic information in mRNA into a polypeptide chain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of histone tails in the nucleosome structure?

<p>They allow for the attachment of chemical groups that regulate gene expression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between heterochromatin and euchromatin?

<p>Heterochromatin is tightly packed, while euchromatin is loosely packed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does methylation of histones affect gene expression?

<p>It condenses nucleosomes more tightly, preventing access to promoter sites and gene transcription. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of acetylation in chromatin structure and gene expression?

<p>It loosens nucleosome packing, exposing the DNA to transcription factors and allowing gene expression. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of histones in gene expression?

<p>They are responsible for either facilitating or forbidding gene expression by regulating chromatin structure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the promoter region in the transcription of the $\beta$-globin gene?

<p>It is where RNA polymerase II binds to initiate transcription. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cohesin in chromatin looping?

<p>It wraps around portions of the chromatin loop, stabilizing it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of promoters in gene expression regulation?

<p>They are sites where RNA polymerase II binds to initiate transcription (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of enhancers in gene expression regulation?

<p>They signal when and where a promoter can be used and control transcription rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the genetic elements regulating tissue-specific transcription be identified?

<p>By fusing reporter genes to suspected enhancer regions of tissue-specific genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of silencers in gene expression regulation?

<p>They prevent promoter use and inhibit gene transcription (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fusing a reporter gene to a specific gene's enhancer region?

<p>To visualize the tissue-specific expression pattern of that gene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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