Chromatin Structure and Gene Expression Regulation

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What is the primary function of histones in the nucleosome structure?

To provide a scaffold for the DNA helix to wind around (correct)

To transport mRNA out of the nucleus

To synthesize proteins in the cytoplasm

To regulate gene expression through acetylation and methylation

How does histone H1 affect the chromatin structure?

H1 stabilizes the solenoidal chromatin structure (correct)

H1 has no effect on chromatin structure

H1 disrupts the formation of nucleosome assemblages

H1 transports mRNA out of the nucleus

How does acetylation and methylation of histone tails affect gene expression?

Acetylation disrupts nucleosome formation, while methylation stabilizes it (correct)

Acetylation and methylation control protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

Acetylation and methylation regulate the transport of mRNA out of the nucleus

Acetylation and methylation have no effect on gene expression

What is the primary role of mRNA in gene expression?

mRNA conveys the genetic information for protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the highly compacted solenoidal chromatin structure?

To regulate gene expression through histone modifications Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a ribosome in the process of gene expression?

To translate the genetic information in mRNA into a polypeptide chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of histone tails in the nucleosome structure?

They allow for the attachment of chemical groups that regulate gene expression. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between heterochromatin and euchromatin?

Heterochromatin is tightly packed, while euchromatin is loosely packed. Signup and view all the answers

How does methylation of histones affect gene expression?

It condenses nucleosomes more tightly, preventing access to promoter sites and gene transcription. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of acetylation in chromatin structure and gene expression?

It loosens nucleosome packing, exposing the DNA to transcription factors and allowing gene expression. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of histones in gene expression?

They are responsible for either facilitating or forbidding gene expression by regulating chromatin structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the promoter region in the transcription of the $\beta$-globin gene?

It is where RNA polymerase II binds to initiate transcription. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cohesin in chromatin looping?

It wraps around portions of the chromatin loop, stabilizing it Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of promoters in gene expression regulation?

They are sites where RNA polymerase II binds to initiate transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of enhancers in gene expression regulation?

They signal when and where a promoter can be used and control transcription rate Signup and view all the answers

How can the genetic elements regulating tissue-specific transcription be identified?

By fusing reporter genes to suspected enhancer regions of tissue-specific genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of silencers in gene expression regulation?

They prevent promoter use and inhibit gene transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fusing a reporter gene to a specific gene's enhancer region?

To visualize the tissue-specific expression pattern of that gene Signup and view all the answers