Genetics of Colon Cancer and Syndromes Quiz

<p>Juvenile Polyposis Pathway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is increased in colon cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suppress tumor cell growth and proliferation (A), Regulate the production of β-catenin (B), Inhibit the activation of oncogenes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>APC mutation, K-RAS mutation, p53 mutation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of colon cancer development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatic mutations occur in body cells and are not inherited, while germline mutations occur in the germ cells and are inherited. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Point mutation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple polyps in the colon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenocarcinoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of stomach cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibit the H+/K+ pump in parietal cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of goblet cells in the columnar epithelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They inhibit the production of gastric acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysphagia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mallory-Denk bodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ascites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Albumin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progressive dysphagia, starting with solids and progressing to liquids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NASH involves inflammation of the liver, while NAFL does not (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jaundice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Squamous cell carcinoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased serotonin levels stimulating fibroblast growth and fibrosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flushing and diarrhea. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small intestine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serotonin is inactivated by the lungs before reaching the left side of the heart. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in urine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of the release of bioactive amines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated CEA levels are typically not associated with carcinoid syndrome. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tricuspid and pulmonic valve stenosis/regurgitation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above statements are true. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of colon cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperplastic polyp (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Classic serrated or sawtooth pattern (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are often pedunculated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To deliver a higher concentration of 5-ASA to the colon. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypokalemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caput Medusa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Migratory polyarthritis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absence of granulomas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Terminal ileum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A narrowing of the bowel lumen due to healing fibrosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colonoscopy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improves outcomes in UC, worsens outcomes in Crohn's (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfasalazine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemorrhoids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cobblestone mucosa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased hydrostatic pressure in the portal vein forces fluid into the peritoneal cavity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitric oxide causes vasodilation of the splanchnic vasculature, leading to decreased portal venous pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Condition where gastric juice flows back into the esophagus due to a failing lower esophageal sphincter.

A muscle that prevents stomach contents from entering the esophagus; failure leads to GERD.

Common symptoms include heartburn, dysphagia, and respiratory issues.

A retrosternal burning sensation typically occurring after meals or when lying down.

Metaplasia of squamous epithelium to intestinal epithelium due to long-standing GERD.

A surgical treatment for refractory GERD which reinforces the LES.

Factors include obesity, smoking, alcohol, and high-fat foods that contribute to the disease.

Medications like Famotidine that block histamine receptors to reduce stomach acid.

Medications like Omeprazole that inhibit stomach acid production.

Including Barrett's Esophagus, smoking, and chronic GERD can lead to adenocarcinoma.

A fungal infection characterized by white membranes in the esophagus, often in immunocompromised individuals.

Alcohol, viral infections, or drug reactions leading to liver inflammation.

Fatty liver condition not due to alcohol, often linked to obesity and can progress to NASH.

Elevated ALT and AST indicate liver damage; ALT typically elevated more than AST.

Long-term alcohol consumption can lead to fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis.

A rare condition causing severe hydroelectrolyte disorders and acute renal failure.

A classification indicating a higher risk of cancer development in tissues.

A new polyp that appears around six months after another polyp was found.

A condition with multiple benign polyps in children, increasing cancer risk.

An autosomal dominant disorder with hamartomas and pigmented spots, raising cancer risk.

Mutation associated with advanced colorectal cancers.

The genetic events leading to colon cancer over 10-40 years.

A mutation that leads to loss of β-catenin regulation, increasing cancer risk.

Proto-oncogene mutation that promotes adenoma polyp formation.

Loss of the tumor suppressor p53 leads to tumor cell growth.

Autosomal dominant condition with APC mutation; always progresses to cancer.

Condition with APC mutation and extra-colonic symptoms like skin cysts.

Benign retinal spot found in Gardner's syndrome patients.

Also known as aspirin, a common anti-inflammatory drug.

A drug used to treat inflammatory bowel disease.

A medication for inflammatory bowel diseases that includes a sulfa component.

A type of polyp with potential for malignancy, classifiable by shape.

Benign growths in the colon, often asymptomatic and detected via colonoscopy.

Sessile polyps have a broad base; pedunculated polyps are on a stalk.

A less common polyp type with long projections, higher risk of cancer.

A procedure to detect polyps or abnormalities in the colon.

A medical test used to examine the colon and rectum for abnormalities.

A tumor marker elevated in colon cancer and other tumors; correlates with disease burden.

Tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells, found in various organs, especially the GI tract.

A condition caused by high levels of serotonin, leading to symptoms like flushing and diarrhea when metastasized to the liver.

A serotonin metabolite that appears in urine during carcinoid syndrome; used for diagnosis.

A neurotransmitter that affects mood, GI motility, and can lead to flushing and diarrhea in excess.

Normal conversion of tryptophan to serotonin is altered in carcinoid syndrome, leading to deficiencies and symptoms of Pellagra.

A medication that inhibits the release of bioactive amines in carcinoid tumors, alleviating symptoms like flushing and diarrhea.

Increased blood pressure in the portal vein due to obstruction, often from cirrhosis.

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, often due to portal hypertension.

Difference between serum and ascitic fluid albumin levels used to determine ascites cause.

Engorged veins around the umbilicus seen in high portal pressure.

Collateral circulation formed between portal and systemic veins in portal hypertension.

Widening of blood vessels in the abdominal organs, often increased in portal hypertension.

Swollen veins in the rectum, can occur due to portal hypertension.

Granulomas without necrosis, often seen in Crohn’s disease.

Fat wrapping around the bowel wall due to inflammation in Crohn’s disease.

Inflammation affecting the entire thickness of the bowel wall, typical in Crohn’s.

Abnormal connections between organs due to severe disease, like Crohn’s.

A common extra-intestinal manifestation of Crohn's, affecting large joints.

Kidney stones common in Crohn’s patients due to malabsorption.

Inflammation of the right colon; risk factor for colorectal cancer.