Genetics: Hardy-Weinberg Principles
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Genetics: Hardy-Weinberg Principles

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Questions and Answers

What does it mean for an allele to be homozygous?

  • It is the rarest form in a population.
  • It can be either dominant or recessive.
  • It contains two different alleles.
  • It contains the same alleles. (correct)

    • Which condition is NOT necessary for allele frequencies to remain constant over time?

  • Presence of genetic drift (correct)
  • Random mating
  • No mutations
  • No gene flow

    • How do you calculate the allele frequency in a diploid population?

  • By adding the number of heterozygotes to the homozygotes.
  • By multiplying the total number of individuals by two.
  • By determining the total number of alleles and their proportions. (correct)
  • By averaging the frequencies of genotypes in the population.

    • What does the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium predict?

    <p>Genetic variation will remain constant in a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the frequency of allele 'a' changes from 0.4 to 0.71, what does this indicate?

    <p>The population has evolved at that gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle state about the total frequency of alleles in a population?

    <p>The total frequency of alleles must equal 1.0.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what does the term '2pq' represent?

    <p>The expected frequency of heterozygous individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and 180 out of 500 turtles exhibit the recessive phenotype, what is the frequency of the recessive allele?

    <p>0.24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the implications of microevolution on allele frequency over generations?

    <p>Microevolution results in gradual changes in allele frequencies across generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a condition necessary for a population to maintain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

    <p>The population has no selection pressures acting on it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is considered the original source of new alleles in a population?

    <p>Mutation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example of turtles, if the dominant allele for ninja fighting (F) is found at a higher frequency, which genotype would you expect to have the greatest number of individuals?

    <p>Heterozygous (Ff).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of a lethal mutation in a population?

    <p>It could drastically alter survival rates of individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of selection occurs when traits at both ends of a spectrum are favored over intermediate forms?

    <p>Disruptive selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of natural selection in evolutionary biology?

    <p>It allows for the passing of traits that improve survival and reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of mutation rates, how frequently do mutations occur in a gene?

    <p>Once every 10,000 to 1,000,000 copies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon occurs when an allele frequency reaches 100% in a population?

    <p>Fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes sexual selection?

    <p>Mating success is determined by physical traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is a non-selective process that can alter allele frequencies due to random events?

    <p>Genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the role of mutations in evolutionary change?

    <p>Mutations provide slight advantages and are rare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of natural selection, what does 'selection pressure' refer to?

    <p>Conditions that favor certain traits over others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines microevolution?

    <p>Changes in allele frequency within a population over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes macroevolution?

    <p>Evolution that results in significant changes at higher taxonomic levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of anagenesis?

    <p>The gradual transformation of green algae into land plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process represents the splitting of one lineage into two new species?

    <p>Speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates reproductive isolation between populations?

    <p>The end of gene flow between populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a pre-zygotic isolation mechanism?

    <p>Two species mate at different times of the year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily influences microevolutionary changes within a population?

    <p>Natural selection and genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly distinguishes cladogenesis from anagenesis?

    <p>Cladogenesis results in branching into new species, whereas anagenesis is a linear progression within a lineage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a situation where one lineage rapidly diverges into many?

    <p>Adaptive radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during coevolution?

    <p>Two species evolve in response to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes stasis in evolutionary terms?

    <p>Long periods of little change in a lineage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key innovation in the context of evolutionary adaptations?

    <p>A trait that allows more efficient exploitation of a habitat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does evolution influence ecological interactions?

    <p>New adaptations can alter relationships between organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of stasis in evolution?

    <p>It can reflect a stable and successful adaptation to a niche.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the evolutionary arms race primarily associated with?

    <p>Interactions between parasites and their hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does exaptation refer to in evolutionary biology?

    <p>A trait that has been repurposed for a different use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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