Genetics Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is heredity?

  • The study of DNA
  • The passing of physical characteristics from parent to offspring (correct)
  • The dominance of traits
  • The genetic makeup of an organism

What is genetics?

The scientific study of how physical characteristics are passed from parent to offspring through DNA.

What is a trait?

Inherited characteristic of an organism

What is a gene?

<p>A sequence of DNA that controls a trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are alleles?

<p>Different forms of a gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A dominant trait is always hidden when it is present.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A recessive trait is visible when the dominant gene is present.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a phenotype?

<p>An organism's physical appearance, or visible trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a genotype?

<p>An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Homozygous means having two identical alleles for a trait.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heterozygous means having two identical alleles for a trait.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a purebred?

<p>The offspring of generations that have the same traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hybrid?

<p>An organism that has two different alleles for a trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Punnett square?

<p>A tool used to predict the results of a genetic cross.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is probability in genetics?

<p>A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Heredity and Genetics

  • Heredity refers to the transmission of physical characteristics from parents to their offspring.
  • Genetics is the scientific discipline that explores how these characteristics are inherited through DNA.

Key Terminology

  • Trait: An inherited characteristic specific to an organism.
  • Gene: A DNA sequence responsible for controlling a specific trait.
  • Alleles: Variants of a gene that can result in different traits.

Dominance and Recessiveness

  • Dominant Trait: A trait that is expressed in the phenotype whenever present.
  • Recessive Trait: A trait that remains concealed in the presence of a dominant allele.

Genetic Makeup

  • Phenotype: The observable physical characteristics of an organism, stemming from its genotype.
  • Genotype: The genetic composition or combination of alleles in an organism.

Genetic Combinations

  • Homozygous: An individual with identical alleles for a given trait.
  • Heterozygous: An individual possessing two different alleles for a specific trait.

Breeding Types

  • Purebred: Offspring that result from generations of organisms with the same traits.
  • Hybrid: An organism with two distinct alleles for a given trait.

Genetic Predictive Tools

  • Punnett Square: A graphical method used to anticipate the outcomes of genetic crosses.

Statistical Concepts

  • Probability: A quantified measure indicating the likelihood of an event occurring, often applied in genetics to predict trait inheritance.

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