Questions and Answers
What is heredity?
What is genetics?
The scientific study of how physical characteristics are passed from parent to offspring through DNA.
What is a trait?
Inherited characteristic of an organism
What is a gene?
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What are alleles?
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A dominant trait is always hidden when it is present.
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A recessive trait is visible when the dominant gene is present.
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What is a phenotype?
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What is a genotype?
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Homozygous means having two identical alleles for a trait.
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Heterozygous means having two identical alleles for a trait.
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What is a purebred?
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What is a hybrid?
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What is a Punnett square?
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What is probability in genetics?
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Study Notes
Heredity and Genetics
- Heredity refers to the transmission of physical characteristics from parents to their offspring.
- Genetics is the scientific discipline that explores how these characteristics are inherited through DNA.
Key Terminology
- Trait: An inherited characteristic specific to an organism.
- Gene: A DNA sequence responsible for controlling a specific trait.
- Alleles: Variants of a gene that can result in different traits.
Dominance and Recessiveness
- Dominant Trait: A trait that is expressed in the phenotype whenever present.
- Recessive Trait: A trait that remains concealed in the presence of a dominant allele.
Genetic Makeup
- Phenotype: The observable physical characteristics of an organism, stemming from its genotype.
- Genotype: The genetic composition or combination of alleles in an organism.
Genetic Combinations
- Homozygous: An individual with identical alleles for a given trait.
- Heterozygous: An individual possessing two different alleles for a specific trait.
Breeding Types
- Purebred: Offspring that result from generations of organisms with the same traits.
- Hybrid: An organism with two distinct alleles for a given trait.
Genetic Predictive Tools
- Punnett Square: A graphical method used to anticipate the outcomes of genetic crosses.
Statistical Concepts
- Probability: A quantified measure indicating the likelihood of an event occurring, often applied in genetics to predict trait inheritance.
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Description
Dive into the world of genetics with these flashcards that cover essential terms like heredity, traits, and genes. This quiz helps you understand how characteristics are inherited through DNA. Perfect for students and anyone interested in the science of genetics.
