Genetics Vocabulary Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is Sickle Cell Anemia?

An inherited recessive disorder.

What is a Chromosome?

It is a type of allele.

It is responsible for carrying genetic information. (correct)

Each parent has two copies, providing a 50% chance of being passed to a child. (correct)

It determines the blood type.

Define Genetics.

The science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms.

What is a Punnett Square?

A simple graphical way of discovering all of the potential combinations of genotypes, given the genotypes of the parents. Signup and view all the answers

What are the predicted results from LAB Part 1?

Complete a Punnett square, determine phenotypes associated with each genotype, and assess the chance of a child being born with sickle cell anemia. Signup and view all the answers

Match the genotypes with their descriptions:

SS = Normal Ss = Carrier ss = Sickle Cell Signup and view all the answers

How do you calculate the probability for Punnett Square?

<h1>of boxes containing the phenotype you want divided by 4 and multiplied by 100.</h1> Signup and view all the answers

What are the genotypes for the parents in Activity 3.3.1?

Father: Sickle Cell, Mother: Carrier. Signup and view all the answers

What was the percent of children with Sickle Cell Anemia?

16% Signup and view all the answers

What was the percent of children that are carriers for Sickle Cell Anemia?

58% Signup and view all the answers

What was involved in LAB Part 3: Probability in Pedigrees?

Complete several different Punnett squares, analyze parental genes, and create a career journal for a Clinical Geneticist. Signup and view all the answers

What education is needed to be a Clinical Geneticist?

Bachelor in biology or physical science, and a medical degree (M.D. or D.O.). Signup and view all the answers

How can a genetic counselor or doctor use probability calculations?

To inform prospective parents about the percent chance of their child being a carrier or having a disease. Signup and view all the answers

What could be Anna’s mother's possible genotypes related to sickle cell anemia?

Ss, ss, or SS. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information, what is your advice to Juan and Gina regarding having children?

There is a 50% chance the child can have the disease and a 50% chance the child is a carrier, suggesting it may be safer to consider alternatives like adoption. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sickle Cell Anemia and Genetics

Sickle Cell Anemia is an inherited recessive disorder affecting hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Chromosomes have a 50% chance of being passed on from each parent to their offspring.
Genetics is the study of heredity, genes, and the variation among organisms.

Punnett Squares

Punnett squares help predict potential genotype combinations from parents' genotypes.
Calculation of the probability of a specific phenotype uses the formula: (Number of boxes with the desired phenotype / Total boxes) x 100.

LAB Results and Predictions

LAB Part 1 involves creating Punnett squares, identifying associated phenotypes, and calculating the likelihood of a child having Sickle Cell Anemia from the parent's genotypes.
Types of genotypes:
- SS: Normal
- Ss: Carrier
- ss: Sickle Cell Anemia
LAB Part 2 analyzes data to determine percentages of offspring with diseases or carriers.
16% of children were predicted to have Sickle Cell Anemia.
58% of children were predicted to be carriers of Sickle Cell Anemia.

Clinical Genetics

Clinical Geneticists require a Bachelor’s degree in biology or a physical science and a medical degree (M.D. or D.O.).
Responsibilities include reviewing medical histories, collaborating with genetic counselors, and performing DNA collection techniques like Gel Electrophoresis.

Counseling and Advice

Genetic counselors help prospective parents understand the probability of having a child with genetic conditions based on inherited probabilities.
A specific case illustrated that, despite high odds of congenital issues, outcomes can vary significantly through medical procedures.

Family Pedigrees and Genetic Predictions

Anna’s mother’s possible genotypes could be SS, Ss, or ss, indicating she could be normal, a carrier, or affected by Sickle Cell Anemia.
Juan's family history indicates a significant risk, with a 50% chance that he and Gina’s child could have Sickle Cell Disease, and a 50% chance of being a carrier. Adoption or alternative conception methods may be safer options.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key terms in genetics with these flashcards. Each card defines essential concepts like Sickle Cell Anemia and Chromosomes, pivotal for understanding heredity and genetic variation. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of genetics.