Questions and Answers
What is Sickle Cell Anemia?
An inherited recessive disorder.
What is a Chromosome?
Define Genetics.
The science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms.
What is a Punnett Square?
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What are the predicted results from LAB Part 1?
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Match the genotypes with their descriptions:
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How do you calculate the probability for Punnett Square?
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What are the genotypes for the parents in Activity 3.3.1?
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What was the percent of children with Sickle Cell Anemia?
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What was the percent of children that are carriers for Sickle Cell Anemia?
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What was involved in LAB Part 3: Probability in Pedigrees?
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What education is needed to be a Clinical Geneticist?
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How can a genetic counselor or doctor use probability calculations?
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What could be Anna’s mother's possible genotypes related to sickle cell anemia?
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Based on the information, what is your advice to Juan and Gina regarding having children?
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Study Notes
Sickle Cell Anemia and Genetics
- Sickle Cell Anemia is an inherited recessive disorder affecting hemoglobin in red blood cells.
- Chromosomes have a 50% chance of being passed on from each parent to their offspring.
- Genetics is the study of heredity, genes, and the variation among organisms.
Punnett Squares
- Punnett squares help predict potential genotype combinations from parents' genotypes.
- Calculation of the probability of a specific phenotype uses the formula: (Number of boxes with the desired phenotype / Total boxes) x 100.
LAB Results and Predictions
- LAB Part 1 involves creating Punnett squares, identifying associated phenotypes, and calculating the likelihood of a child having Sickle Cell Anemia from the parent's genotypes.
- Types of genotypes:
- SS: Normal
- Ss: Carrier
- ss: Sickle Cell Anemia
- LAB Part 2 analyzes data to determine percentages of offspring with diseases or carriers.
- 16% of children were predicted to have Sickle Cell Anemia.
- 58% of children were predicted to be carriers of Sickle Cell Anemia.
Clinical Genetics
- Clinical Geneticists require a Bachelor’s degree in biology or a physical science and a medical degree (M.D. or D.O.).
- Responsibilities include reviewing medical histories, collaborating with genetic counselors, and performing DNA collection techniques like Gel Electrophoresis.
Counseling and Advice
- Genetic counselors help prospective parents understand the probability of having a child with genetic conditions based on inherited probabilities.
- A specific case illustrated that, despite high odds of congenital issues, outcomes can vary significantly through medical procedures.
Family Pedigrees and Genetic Predictions
- Anna’s mother’s possible genotypes could be SS, Ss, or ss, indicating she could be normal, a carrier, or affected by Sickle Cell Anemia.
- Juan's family history indicates a significant risk, with a 50% chance that he and Gina’s child could have Sickle Cell Disease, and a 50% chance of being a carrier. Adoption or alternative conception methods may be safer options.
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Test your knowledge of key terms in genetics with these flashcards. Each card defines essential concepts like Sickle Cell Anemia and Chromosomes, pivotal for understanding heredity and genetic variation. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of genetics.