Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is an allele?
What is an allele?
What is a gene?
What is a gene?
Segment of DNA on a chromosome that controls a particular hereditary trait
What is genetics?
What is genetics?
The field of biology devoted to understanding how characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring
What is heredity?
What is heredity?
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What does dominant mean in genetics?
What does dominant mean in genetics?
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What does recessive mean?
What does recessive mean?
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What is homozygous?
What is homozygous?
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What is heterozygous?
What is heterozygous?
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What is incomplete dominance?
What is incomplete dominance?
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What is codominance?
What is codominance?
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What is a sex linked trait?
What is a sex linked trait?
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What are multiple alleles?
What are multiple alleles?
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What is a phenotype?
What is a phenotype?
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What is a genotype?
What is a genotype?
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What is a pedigree?
What is a pedigree?
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Study Notes
Key Genetic Terms
- Allele: Refers to the variations of a specific gene that influence a single trait.
- Gene: A fundamental unit of heredity located on a chromosome, responsible for controlling a specific hereditary characteristic.
- Genetics: A branch of biology focused on the mechanisms of heredity and the variation of traits passed from parents to their offspring.
- Heredity: The biological process through which traits are passed from parents to their children.
Gene Expression and Inheritance
- Dominant: Describes a gene that consistently manifests its effects in an organism, regardless of the presence of other alleles.
- Recessive: A gene that is overshadowed by the presence of a dominant gene and only expressed when in a homozygous state.
- Homozygous: A genotype consisting of identical alleles for a specific trait, which can be either homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive.
- Heterozygous: Refers to a genotype composed of two different alleles for a particular trait.
Genetic Interactions
- Incomplete Dominance: A scenario where neither allele fully dominates, resulting in a blended phenotype in heterozygous individuals.
- Codominance: Occurs when both alleles in a heterozygous genotype are fully expressed, leading to a phenotype that incorporates features of both the dominant and recessive traits.
Special Cases in Genetics
- Sex-Linked Trait: Traits associated with genes located on the X or Y chromosomes, often demonstrating different patterns of inheritance in males and females.
- Multiple Alleles: The presence of three or more allele variants for a single trait within a population, providing greater diversity in traits.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics
- Phenotype: Represents the observable characteristics or physical expressions of a gene, influenced by both genotype and environmental factors.
- Genotype: Refers to the specific allele combination present in an organism for a given trait, which can be homozygous or heterozygous.
Family Genetics
- Pedigree: A diagram representing the lineage and inheritance patterns of traits within a family over several generations, often used to analyze genetic disorders.
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Description
Explore key terms and concepts in genetics through these flashcards. Learn about alleles, genes, heredity, and the fundamentals of genetics, and how traits are inherited across generations.