Genetics Flashcards

Questions and Answers

The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring

The outward expression of a gene

Different forms of genes for a single trait (correct)

Segment of DNA on a chromosome

Segment of DNA on a chromosome that controls a particular hereditary trait

The field of biology devoted to understanding how characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring

The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring Signup and view all the answers

Gene that is always expressed Signup and view all the answers

Gene that is masked or only expressed in the homozygous state Signup and view all the answers

Genotypes made up of the same alleles Signup and view all the answers

Genotypes made of two different alleles Signup and view all the answers

Occurs when neither allele in a heterozygous gene expresses itself fully Signup and view all the answers

Occurs when both alleles in a heterozygous gene express themselves fully Signup and view all the answers

Traits found on the X or Y chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

When two or more alleles for a trait in the population Signup and view all the answers

The outward expression or physical appearance of the gene Signup and view all the answers

The allele combination for a particular trait Signup and view all the answers

Family tree Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Allele: Refers to the variations of a specific gene that influence a single trait.
Gene: A fundamental unit of heredity located on a chromosome, responsible for controlling a specific hereditary characteristic.
Genetics: A branch of biology focused on the mechanisms of heredity and the variation of traits passed from parents to their offspring.
Heredity: The biological process through which traits are passed from parents to their children.

Dominant: Describes a gene that consistently manifests its effects in an organism, regardless of the presence of other alleles.
Recessive: A gene that is overshadowed by the presence of a dominant gene and only expressed when in a homozygous state.
Homozygous: A genotype consisting of identical alleles for a specific trait, which can be either homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive.
Heterozygous: Refers to a genotype composed of two different alleles for a particular trait.

Incomplete Dominance: A scenario where neither allele fully dominates, resulting in a blended phenotype in heterozygous individuals.
Codominance: Occurs when both alleles in a heterozygous genotype are fully expressed, leading to a phenotype that incorporates features of both the dominant and recessive traits.

Sex-Linked Trait: Traits associated with genes located on the X or Y chromosomes, often demonstrating different patterns of inheritance in males and females.
Multiple Alleles: The presence of three or more allele variants for a single trait within a population, providing greater diversity in traits.

Phenotype: Represents the observable characteristics or physical expressions of a gene, influenced by both genotype and environmental factors.
Genotype: Refers to the specific allele combination present in an organism for a given trait, which can be homozygous or heterozygous.

Pedigree: A diagram representing the lineage and inheritance patterns of traits within a family over several generations, often used to analyze genetic disorders.