Genetics Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is an allele?

  • The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring
  • The outward expression of a gene
  • Different forms of genes for a single trait (correct)
  • Segment of DNA on a chromosome
  • What is a gene?

    Segment of DNA on a chromosome that controls a particular hereditary trait

    What is genetics?

    The field of biology devoted to understanding how characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring

    What is heredity?

    <p>The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dominant mean in genetics?

    <p>Gene that is always expressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does recessive mean?

    <p>Gene that is masked or only expressed in the homozygous state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is homozygous?

    <p>Genotypes made up of the same alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is heterozygous?

    <p>Genotypes made of two different alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is incomplete dominance?

    <p>Occurs when neither allele in a heterozygous gene expresses itself fully</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is codominance?

    <p>Occurs when both alleles in a heterozygous gene express themselves fully</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sex linked trait?

    <p>Traits found on the X or Y chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are multiple alleles?

    <p>When two or more alleles for a trait in the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a phenotype?

    <p>The outward expression or physical appearance of the gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a genotype?

    <p>The allele combination for a particular trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pedigree?

    <p>Family tree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Genetic Terms

    • Allele: Refers to the variations of a specific gene that influence a single trait.
    • Gene: A fundamental unit of heredity located on a chromosome, responsible for controlling a specific hereditary characteristic.
    • Genetics: A branch of biology focused on the mechanisms of heredity and the variation of traits passed from parents to their offspring.
    • Heredity: The biological process through which traits are passed from parents to their children.

    Gene Expression and Inheritance

    • Dominant: Describes a gene that consistently manifests its effects in an organism, regardless of the presence of other alleles.
    • Recessive: A gene that is overshadowed by the presence of a dominant gene and only expressed when in a homozygous state.
    • Homozygous: A genotype consisting of identical alleles for a specific trait, which can be either homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive.
    • Heterozygous: Refers to a genotype composed of two different alleles for a particular trait.

    Genetic Interactions

    • Incomplete Dominance: A scenario where neither allele fully dominates, resulting in a blended phenotype in heterozygous individuals.
    • Codominance: Occurs when both alleles in a heterozygous genotype are fully expressed, leading to a phenotype that incorporates features of both the dominant and recessive traits.

    Special Cases in Genetics

    • Sex-Linked Trait: Traits associated with genes located on the X or Y chromosomes, often demonstrating different patterns of inheritance in males and females.
    • Multiple Alleles: The presence of three or more allele variants for a single trait within a population, providing greater diversity in traits.

    Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics

    • Phenotype: Represents the observable characteristics or physical expressions of a gene, influenced by both genotype and environmental factors.
    • Genotype: Refers to the specific allele combination present in an organism for a given trait, which can be homozygous or heterozygous.

    Family Genetics

    • Pedigree: A diagram representing the lineage and inheritance patterns of traits within a family over several generations, often used to analyze genetic disorders.

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    Description

    Explore key terms and concepts in genetics through these flashcards. Learn about alleles, genes, heredity, and the fundamentals of genetics, and how traits are inherited across generations.

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