Questions and Answers
What is an allele?
What is a genotype?
The gene make-up of a trait expressed as a set of capital and lower case letters
What does phenotype refer to?
The physical presentation of the genetic expression
A dominant trait expresses itself over a recessive trait.
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What is meant by a recessive trait?
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Define homozygous.
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What is heterozygous?
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The homozygous dominant genotype is represented as ___
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The homozygous recessive genotype is represented as ___
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The heterozygous genotype is represented as ___
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What does true breed mean?
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What is a carrier in genetics?
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Describe a Punnett Square.
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What is complete dominance?
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Explain incomplete dominance.
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What is codominance?
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Study Notes
Key Terms in Genetics
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Allele: Different variations of a gene responsible for specific traits.
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Genotype: The genetic constitution of an organism, represented by a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters indicating alleles.
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Phenotype: The observable expression or physical trait resulting from the genotype.
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Dominant: An allele that will express its trait even in the presence of a recessive allele.
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Recessive: An allele that is masked or hidden when a dominant allele is present.
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Homozygous: An organism with two identical alleles for a specific trait, either both dominant or both recessive.
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Heterozygous: An organism possessing two different alleles for a specific trait.
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Homozygous Dominant: Representation of an organism with two dominant alleles, shown as "FF".
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Homozygous Recessive: Representation of an organism with two recessive alleles, shown as "ff".
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Heterozygous: Representation of an organism with one dominant and one recessive allele, shown as "Ff".
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True Breed: Offspring that consistently exhibit the same homozygous traits as their parent.
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Carrier: An organism that carries a recessive allele masked by a dominant allele; potential to pass on recessive traits to offspring.
Punnett Squares and Patterns of Inheritance
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Punnett Square: A diagram used to predict the genetic combinations and traits of offspring from parental genotypes.
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Complete Dominance: A genetic scenario where dominant traits are expressed over recessive traits; only dominant traits are visible in heterozygous individuals, who are carriers of the recessive trait.
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Incomplete Dominance: This occurs when neither allele is fully dominant, leading to a blending of traits; for example, crossing red (RR) and white (WW) flowers to produce pink (RW) flowers.
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Codominance: A situation where both alleles are expressed distinctly without blending; for example, a roan horse shows patches of both brown and black fur, indicating both traits are fully expressed in the phenotype.
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Description
Test your knowledge of essential genetics terminology with this quiz. From alleles to homozygous and heterozygous traits, challenge yourself to understand the differences and definitions that are fundamental to genetics. Perfect for students and anyone interested in genetic concepts!
