Genetics: DNA, Genes, and Variation

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Questions and Answers

Match each term to its correct definition regarding genetic inheritance:

Homozygous = Having two identical alleles for a gene. Heterozygous = Having two different alleles for a gene. Genotype = The specific combination of alleles an individual possesses. Phenotype = The observable characteristics resulting from the genotype.

Match each type of chromosomal mutation with its description:

Klinefelter Syndrome = Presence of an extra X chromosome in males (XXY). Down Syndrome = Presence of an extra chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21). Turner Syndrome = Absence of one X chromosome in females (X0). Wild Type = No chromosomal Mutation

Match the following terms to their correct association with cell division:

Mitosis = Cell division resulting in two identical diploid daughter cells. Meiosis = Cell division resulting in four genetically different haploid daughter cells. Haploid = Having one set of chromosomes (n). Diploid = Having two sets of chromosomes (2n).

Match the following characteristics to the correct type of variation:

Discrete Variation = Traits with distinct, non-overlapping categories. Continuous Variation = Traits with a range of values along a spectrum. Gene = A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein. Chromosome = A structure containing tightly coiled DNA. Signup and view all the answers

Match the DNA bases to their complementary pairings:

Adenine = Thymine Guanine = Cytosine Base Triplet = Codes for an amino acid. Codon = Another name for a base triplet, that codes for an amino acid. Signup and view all the answers

Match the process with its description:

Mitosis = Produces two identical diploid daughter cells. Meiosis = Produces four genetically diverse haploid daughter cells. Translation = Synthesizes a protein from mRNA. Transcription = Synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template. Signup and view all the answers

Match the term to its definition in relation to inheritance:

Allele = A variant form of a gene. Gene = A segment of DNA that codes for a protein. Locus = The specific location of a gene on a chromosome. F1 Generation = The first generation offspring of a cross. Signup and view all the answers

Match the definition to the term:

Pedigree = A chart showing the inheritance of traits across generations. Karyotype = A visual display of an individual's chromosomes. Autosomal = A trait or gene located on a non-sex chromosome. Sex-linked = A trait or gene located on a sex chromosome. Signup and view all the answers

Match the syndromes with their chromosomal abnormality:

Down Syndrome = Trisomy 21: An extra copy of chromosome 21. Klinefelter Syndrome = XXY: Males with an extra X chromosome. Turner Syndrome = X0: Females with a missing X chromosome. Metafemale = XXX: Metafemales have an extra X chromosome. Signup and view all the answers

Match each term to its description within genetics:

Homozygous = An individual with two identical alleles for a gene. Heterozygous = An individual with two different alleles for a gene. Dominant Allele = An allele that masks the effect of a recessive allele. Recessive Allele = An allele whose effect is masked by a dominant allele. Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristic to the appropriate cell division process:

Mitosis = Used for growth and repair in somatic cells. Meiosis = Essential for sexual reproduction by producing gametes. Signup and view all the answers

Match the definition with the appropriate genetic term:

Gene = A section of DNA coding for a specific protein or function. Allele = A variant form of a gene. Chromosome = A structure made of DNA carrying genetic information. Genome = The complete set of genetic material in an organism. Signup and view all the answers

Connect each concept with its description regarding genetic inheritance:

Genotype = The specific set of genes an organism possesses. Phenotype = The observable traits resulting from the expression of genes. Homozygous Dominant = Having two copies of the dominant allele. Heterozygous = Having one dominant and one recessive allele. Signup and view all the answers

Match the definition to the term about the function of cells:

Haploid = Cells containing one set of chromosomes. Diploid = Cells containing two sets of chromosomes. Gametes = Haploid cells used in sexual reproduction. Somatic Cells = Diploid cells forming the body of an organism. Signup and view all the answers

Match the role to the cell:

Mitosis = Responsible for growth and repair of somatic cells. Meiosis = Responsible for producing genetic variation through gamete formation. Replication = Duplicates DNA before cell division to ensure genetic continuity. Mutation = Introduces genetic variation into DNA. Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of inheritance with its description:

Sex-Linked Trait = A trait determined by a gene located on a sex chromosome. Autosomal Trait = A trait determined by a gene located on a non-sex chromosome. Dominant Inheritance = Only one dominant allele is required for the phenotype to be expressed. Recessive Inheritance = Two recessive alleles are required for the phenotype to be expressed. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following component to its description:

Nucleotide = A building block of DNA, including a base, sugar, and phosphate. Codon = A sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid. Amino Acid = The unit of life, made up of base triplets. Protein = A macro-molecule composed of amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

Match the description to the best genetic term:

Homologous Chromosomes = Pairs of chromosomes with the same genes, one from each parent. Sister Chromatids = Two identical copies of a chromosome attached at the centromere. Centromere = The region where sister chromatids attach. DNA = Double helix made up of phosphate and deoxyribose sugar molecule. Signup and view all the answers

Match the description to the type of mutation:

Point Mutation = A change in a single base pair in DNA. Chromosomal Mutation = A change in the structure or number of chromosomes. DNA Mutation = The building blocks of proteins. Frameshift Mutation = Type of mutation where the reading frame of the genetic information is shifted. Signup and view all the answers

Match the appropriate scientists with their contriutions:

Watson and Crick = Discovered the double helix structure of DNA. Mendel = Formulated the basic principles of inheritance based on pea plant experiments. Darwin = Evolution. None = No scientists were mentioned in the text. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Discrete Variation

Single gene controls separate phenotype categories with no intermediary categories.

Continuous Variation

Gene controls phenotypes on a spectrum with varying degrees of expression.