Genetics: DNA, Chromosomes, and Genes

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

If a cell contains two versions of each gene, indicated as '2n', it is referred to as:

  • Autosome
  • Gamete
  • Haploid
  • Diploid (correct)

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between a gene and a chromosome?

  • Chromosomes and genes are synonyms; the terms are interchangeable.
  • A gene is a specific segment of DNA on a chromosome. (correct)
  • A chromosome is a segment of a gene.
  • A gene is composed of multiple chromosomes.

During what process does 'crossing over' between homologous chromosomes typically occur?

  • DNA Replication
  • Synapsis (correct)
  • Apoptosis
  • Mitosis

What is the primary function of histones in the context of DNA?

<p>To provide structural support by DNA wrapping around them. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes differ from each other?

<p>Sister chromatids are genetically identical, while homologous chromosomes might have different versions of genes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'genome' refer to?

<p>The complete set of genetic material in an organism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'apoptosis' contribute to the development or health of an organism?

<p>It eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a haploid cell?

<p>Gamete (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the centromere?

<p>To hold sister chromatids together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In human cells, what distinguishes autosomes from sex chromosomes?

<p>Autosomes include all chromosomes except the sex chromosomes, which determine sex. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Genetics

The field studying how genetic information is passed between generations.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule carrying genetic instructions.

Genome

The entire genetic makeup of an organism (all its DNA).

Diploid

Having two sets of chromosomes (2n), like somatic cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Haploid

Having one set of chromosomes (n), like gametes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chromosome

A single piece of DNA complexed with proteins (histones).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gene

Section of a chromosome that codes for a protein or RNA molecule.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nucleosome

DNA wrapped around histones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Histones

Proteins around which DNA wraps to form chromatin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Homologous Chromosomes

Pair of chromosomes with the same genes, but possibly different versions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

  • Genetics is the field of biology focused on how genetic information is passed from one generation to the next, whether in organisms or cells
  • DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
  • A genome represents the complete genetic makeup of an organism, encompassing all of its DNA
  • Diploid cells contain two versions or copies of each gene, denoted as 2n; somatic cells are an example
  • Haploid cells possess one copy of each gene, denoted as n; gametes, with chromosome numbers from 1-22 arranged from tallest to smallest, are an example
  • A chromosome consists of a single piece of DNA complexed with proteins called histones
  • A gene is a specific section of a chromosome, a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule
  • A nucleosome is DNA wrapped around histones
  • Chromatin is thin DNA found during interphase
  • A chromatid is condensed, thick DNA present during mitosis and cytokinesis
  • Histones are proteins in chromatin that bind and wrap DNA
  • Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs with the same number, one from sperm and one from egg, coding for the same information but possibly with different versions of genes
  • Sister chromatids are identical copies
  • The centromere holds sister chromatids together
  • Autosomal chromosomes or autosomes are chromosome pairs 1-22, excluding the sex chromosomes
  • Sex chromosomes, pair number 23, determine the sex of an individual
  • The cleavage furrow is the pinching separation of the cytoplasm in an animal cell
  • Apoptosis is programmed cell death, where a cell kills itself
  • Nucleotides are the repeating units that make up DNA
  • A locus or loci is the physical location of a gene on a chromosome
  • Gametes are genetically distinct haploid cells used for reproduction
  • Independent assortment occurs
  • Tetrads are the group of 4 sister chromatids in paired homologous chromosomes
  • Synapsis is the pairing of homologous chromosomes during which arms of the chromosomes hug, break off a piece and exchange it with each other
  • Crossover is the recombination of alleles in homologous chromosomes during synapse, resulting in different gene combinations as chromatids exchange segments of alleles
  • Alleles are different versions of the same gene on each chromosome
  • A karyotype is an individual's particular set of chromosomes
  • An autosome is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (X or Y)
  • A polar body is a small, non-functional cell produced during oogenesis because of uneven cytoplasm division
  • Oogonium is the diploid cell present at the beginning of oogenesis
  • A recessive trait is easily hidden by a dominant trait
  • A dominant trait masks over the other trait (recessive one)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser