COPY: Genetics CML and Chromosomal Abnormalities
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the chromosomal abnormality associated with 95% of CML cases?

  • Trisomy 21
  • Turner syndrome
  • Down syndrome
  • Philadelphia chromosome (correct)

What type of chromosomal abnormality is the Philadelphia chromosome?

  • Duplication
  • Inversion
  • Deletion
  • Translocation (correct)

What is the significance of the hybrid gene formed by the Philadelphia chromosome?

  • It leads to the development of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML). (correct)
  • It causes the formation of the Turner syndrome phenotype.
  • It is responsible for the development of Down syndrome.
  • It is involved in the regulation of cell growth and development.

Which of the following techniques is most commonly used to detect the Philadelphia chromosome?

<p>Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) (A), Karyotyping (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Philadelphia chromosome not a definitive diagnostic tool for CML?

<p>It can also be found in some cases of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Karyotyping and FISH?

<p>Karyotyping analyzes the entire chromosome set while FISH identifies specific DNA sequences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the notation 't(9;22)(q34;q11)' represent?

<p>An exchange of genetic material between regions q34 of chromosome 9 and q11 of chromosome 22. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques is most suitable for detecting microdeletions or duplications in chromosomes?

<p>Array CGH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is considered a high-resolution method for detecting copy number variations across the entire genome?

<p>Array CGH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of FISH in genetic diagnosis?

<p>Detecting specific chromosomal abnormalities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of X-linked recessive inheritance?

<p>Females are typically carriers and usually unaffected. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following syndromes is caused by a numerical chromosomal abnormality?

<p>Down Syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the likely diagnosis for the 6-year-old male in Case Study 1, given his presentation of developmental delays, distinct facial features, and congenital heart defect.

<p>DiGeorge Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test would be most appropriate to confirm the diagnosis for the 6-year-old male in Case Study 1?

<p>FISH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical karyotype of a person with Turner Syndrome?

<p>45, X (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely diagnosis for the 35-year-old male in Case Study 2, considering his progressive involuntary movements (chorea), mood disturbances, and family history of similar symptoms?

<p>Huntington's disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a diagnostic technique used in detecting Mendelian disorders?

<p>Sanger sequencing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test would be most suitable for confirming the diagnosis for the 35-year-old male in Case Study 2?

<p>Genetic testing for Huntington's disease gene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about Patau Syndrome?

<p>Children with Patau Syndrome rarely live more than a few months. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a dominant inheritance pattern in Mendelian disorders?

<p>The disorder can be inherited from only one parent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the probable diagnosis for the 12-year-old female in Case Study 3, presented with short stature, webbed neck, and delayed onset of puberty, along with lymphedema of hands and feet during infancy?

<p>Turner Syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test would most likely confirm the diagnosis of the 12-year-old female in Case Study 3?

<p>Karyotyping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cri-du-chat syndrome is an example of which type of chromosomal abnormality?

<p>Deletion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about Turner Syndrome?

<p>It is the only viable monosomy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of autosomal dominant inheritance?

<p>Requires two copies of the mutated gene for the disorder to manifest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a cytogenetic disorder?

<p>Disorders caused by mutations in chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in the FBN1 gene?

<p>Marfan Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In X-linked recessive inheritance, which of the following is true?

<p>Affected males usually have a carrier mother. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a person who carries a mutated gene but does not show symptoms of the disease?

<p>Carrier (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law of Mendel's inheritance describes the independent assortment of genes during gamete formation?

<p>Law of Independent Assortment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Huntington's Disease?

<p>Progressive neurodegeneration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for understanding genetic disorders?

<p>To improve diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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