Genetics Chapter Quiz: Traits and Allele Sharing

Diseases, like birth defects and cancer, that result from genetic and environmental factors.

Complex inheritance pattern of diseases involving multiple genetic and environmental factors.

A trait, like a disease, that's either present or absent.

A measurable trait like height or blood pressure that varies continuously in a population.

The inheritance pattern for diseases with multiple genes and environmental factors.

The tendency for diseases to occur more frequently among relatives.

Genetic diseases resulting from inheriting specific alleles at a single locus.

The likelihood of developing a disease.

An arbitrary interval around the population average, used to define disease.

Closely related individuals share more alleles inherited from common ancestors; exact sharing depends on the relationship.

Identical twins, sharing 100% of alleles.

Close relatives like parents, children, and siblings.

More affected relatives than expected from general population frequency.

Comparing disease frequency in relatives to the general population.

A trait where a person is either affected or not

The proportion of phenotypic variation in a population that's due to genetic differences.

The total variability of a trait within a population, influenced by both genetics and environment.

Conditions caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors, making them challenging to understand and predict.

Birth defects affecting the heart's structure or function, often with multifactorial origins.

A severe mental disorder affecting 1% of the population, with complex genetic and environmental contributions.

A mental illness characterized by alternating periods of mania and depression, with genetic influences.

When two variables increase proportionally together.

Birth defects that occur as isolated defects and not as part of a syndrome, often due to a mix of genetic and environmental factors.

A progressive brain disorder causing memory loss and cognitive decline, affecting 1-2% of the US population.

The study of how genes and environmental factors interact to influence disease susceptibility in populations.

A disease caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors, making inheritance complex.

The percentage of identical twins who both develop a disease, indicating the role of genetics.

Factors that increase the likelihood of developing Alzheimer's, including age, sex, and family history.

A measure of how much more likely a relative of an affected individual is to develop the same disease compared to the general population.

The relative is no more likely to develop the disease than any random individual in the population.

The relative is more likely to develop the disease than any random individual in the population.

A study comparing patients with a disease (cases) to healthy individuals (controls) based on family history of the disease.

The tendency for physiological traits to be more similar among relatives than in the general population.

A statistical measure of how strongly two physiological measurements are related, often used for comparing traits between relatives.

A higher population prevalence makes familial aggregation seem less significant because it's easier for individuals to share disease alleles by chance.

A type of inheritance where a disorder is caused by the combined effect of mutations at two different gene locations.

A genetic eye disorder that leads to progressive vision loss and can be caused by digenic inheritance.

Two proteins involved in the function of photoreceptor cells in the retina, mutations in both can cause RP.

When the combined effect of genetic factors and environmental influences increases the risk of developing a disease.

A condition where blood clots form more easily than normal, leading to potentially life-threatening complications like thrombosis.

A developmental disorder affecting the gut where the colon is missing nerve cells, leading to severe constipation and problems with bowel movements.

A chronic disease where the body cannot produce insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels.