40 Questions
What is the sum of the frequencies of the two alleles in a Hardy-Weinberg population?
p + q
What is the frequency of the Aa genotype in a Hardy-Weinberg population?
2pq
What is the pattern of inheritance of cystic fibrosis?
Autosomal recessive
What is the frequency of the AA genotype in a Hardy-Weinberg population?
p²
What is the incidence of cystic fibrosis in people of Irish ethnicity?
1 in 1,600
What is the condition for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium at a genetic locus?
Frequency of AA homozygotes = p2, frequency of Aa heterozygotes = 2pq, and frequency of aa homozygotes = q2
If the frequency of the mutated CFTR allele is 0.3, what is the frequency of the normal CF allele?
0.7
What is the definition of evolution from a population genetics perspective?
A generation-to-generation change in a population's allele or genotype frequencies over time
What is the implication of a population not being in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium at a genetic locus?
Microevolution is occurring at that locus
What is the purpose of estimating the frequency of heterozygous carriers in a population?
To determine the incidence of an autosomal recessive disease
What is the expected outcome of a population with a specific allele that confers resistance to a disease, over many generations?
The allele will become fixed, with a frequency of 1.0.
What is the primary mechanism by which genetic variation is preserved in a population, despite the tendency of natural selection to eliminate it?
Balancing selection and diploidy
What is the significance of the Fy0 allele in African populations, where malaria is prevalent?
It confers resistance to malaria, and has a high frequency in the population.
What is the expected outcome of a population that is subject to balancing selection, over many generations?
The population will exhibit a high degree of genetic variation.
What is the primary function of the Duffy gene in humans?
It encodes a protein that confers resistance to malaria.
What is the consequence of inbreeding on the frequency of heterozygotes over time?
The frequency of heterozygotes decreases
Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
Genetic drift
What is the expected frequency of Aa individuals in Generation 1, given p = 0.5 and q = 0.5?
0.5
What is the consequence of non-random mating on the gene pool?
It decreases genetic variation
Which of the following is a consequence of mutation on the gene pool?
It increases genetic variation
What is the reason for the higher frequency of the RP allele in Tristan da Cunha compared to Britain?
Founder effect
What is the result of gene flow between two populations with different allele frequencies?
Decreased genetic differences between the populations
What is the condition required for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium to be maintained?
No gene flow
What is the effect of inbreeding in a population?
Decreased genetic variation
What is the result of genetic drift in a small population?
Decreased genetic variation
What is the primary mechanism by which alleles with negative effects can persist in a population?
Propagation via heterozygous genotypes
In the context of sickle-cell anaemia, what is the advantage of being heterozygous for the HbS allele?
Heterozygote advantage against malaria
What is the assumption required for the Hardy-Weinberg theorem to hold true?
Random mating among individuals
What is the effect of inbreeding on the frequency of recessive alleles?
Increased frequency of recessive alleles
What is the consequence of a missense mutation in the β-globin gene DNA sequence?
Production of a sickle-shaped protein
What is the likely reason for the lack of genetic variation in the Cheetah population?
Bottleneck effect due to climate change
What is the term for the phenomenon where a few individuals colonize a new habitat and establish a new population?
Founder Effect
What is the term for the genetic locus associated with disease susceptibility in the cheetah population?
MHC
What is the frequency of the allele associated with Retinitis Pigmentosa in the Tristan da Cunha population?
0.13
What is the name of the disease caused by mutations in the rhodopsin gene (RHO) on HSA3?
Retinitis Pigmentosa
What is the frequency of Retinitis Pigmentosa in the British population?
1/4,000
What is the likely reason for the high incidence of Retinitis Pigmentosa on Tristan da Cunha?
High frequency of the allele in the founding population
What is the name of the genetic phenomenon that occurs when a population undergoes a severe reduction in size?
Bottleneck Effect
What is the likely effect of the Bottleneck Effect on a population's genetic variation?
Decreased genetic variation
What is the term for the study of the inheritance of traits in populations?
Population Genetics
This quiz covers the Hardy-Weinberg theorem, which describes the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population. Learn about Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and how to predict allele frequencies. Test your knowledge of genetics and biotechnology!
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