Genetics Basics Quiz

Study Notes

Key Genetic Terms

Allele: Different versions of a gene that contribute to genetic variation.
Dominant Allele: An allele that will mask the presence of another allele if present; always expressed in the phenotype.
Recessive Allele: An allele that is only expressed phenotypically when in a homozygous condition, meaning two copies are present.

Genotype and Phenotype

Homozygous: Refers to when both alleles at a gene locus are identical, e.g., AA or aa.
Heterozygous: Refers to when the alleles at a gene locus are different, e.g., Aa.
Genotype: The specific set of alleles inherited by an individual, which may include homozygous or heterozygous combinations.
Phenotype: The observable physical traits resulting from the interaction of the genotype with the environment.

Genetics Basics

Gene: A unit of heredity composed of DNA that governs specific traits by coding for proteins.
Homozygous Dominant Genotypes: Combinations such as AA or CC where the dominant alleles are present.
Heterozygous Genotypes: Combinations like Bb or Ee that consist of one dominant and one recessive allele.
Homozygous Recessive Genotypes: Combinations such as dd or ff, featuring identical recessive alleles.

Expressing Phenotypes

Genotypes Resulting in Dominant Phenotype: Include combinations such as Aa, Bb, BB, and AA, all resulting in the expression of the dominant trait.
Genotypes Resulting in Recessive Phenotype: Only include combinations like dd and ff, where the recessive trait is expressed due to the absence of dominant alleles.

Description

Test your understanding of key genetic terms, including alleles, genotypes, and phenotypes. This quiz covers essential concepts such as dominant and recessive alleles, and how they affect physical traits. Perfect for students studying basic genetics.