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Questions and Answers
What is the result of sister chromatids separating in meiosis II?
What is the term for the process by which a DNA molecule is copied?
What is the term for a set of three nitrogen bases that represent an amino acid?
What is the result of crossing a cat homozygous for black fur color with a cat homozygous for white fur color?
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What is the possible genotype of children with a mother with blood type IBi and a father with blood type IAIB?
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What is the term for a random change in the DNA of a gene?
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What is the result of the normal shuffling of alleles during meiosis?
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What do the letters inside a Punnett Square represent?
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What was the key observation made by Mendel as a result of his dihybrid cross experiments?
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What type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
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What is the process called when RNA code is converted into an amino acid sequence?
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What is the probability that a child will inherit an autosomal dominant genetic disorder if one parent is homozygous recessive and the other parent is heterozygous?
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How would you represent the alleles of a pea plant that is homozygous recessive for height?
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What type of mutation occurs when a nucleotide is inserted or deleted from a DNA sequence?
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What is the genetic material received from a father?
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What is the number of chromosomes in a human gamete?
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Study Notes
Meiosis II
- In meiosis II, sister chromatids separate to form four new haploid gametes.
Mendel's Experiments
- Mendel crossed purebred purple-flowered plants with purebred white-flowered plants, resulting in offspring with purple flowers.
- When these offspring self-pollinated, they produced both purple-flowered and white-flowered plants, leading Mendel to conclude that individual traits are inherited as discrete units.
DNA Structure and Replication
- Watson and Crick described DNA as a double helix structure, composed of two chains of nucleotides paired in a spiral staircase-like manner.
- DNA replication is the process by which a DNA molecule is copied.
Genetic Terms
- A codon is a set of three nitrogen bases representing an amino acid.
- Mutation is a random change in the DNA of a gene.
- Variation refers to the difference in physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in a group.
- Recombination results from the normal shuffling of alleles during meiosis.
Genetics and Inheritance
- In codominance, both alleles are expressed, resulting in a combination of the two traits (e.g., black and white fur).
- In incomplete dominance, one allele is not completely masked by the other, resulting in a blend of the two traits (e.g., pink flowers).
- A person inherits genetic material from their father in the form of sex chromosomes (X or Y).
Other Concepts
- Genetic variation can arise from mutations or recombination, making some individuals more suited to their environment.
- tRNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome for protein assembly.
- Translation is the process of converting RNA code into an amino acid sequence.
- Messenger RNA is formed during transcription.
Cell Types and Chromosomes
- Primary spermatocytes are diploid cells.
- Human gametes have 23 chromosomes.
- A DNA segment with an insertion or substitution is an example of a frameshift mutation or substitution, respectively.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of genetics, meiosis, and the inheritance of traits. Learn about the separation of sister chromatids in meiosis II and the discoveries of Mendel and Watson and Crick.
