Biology Meiosis and Genetics Quiz

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What do haploid daughter cells produced during meiosis contain?

Homologous pairs of chromosomes
A single set of chromosomes (correct)
Two sets of chromosomes
A double set of identical chromosomes

How many rounds of division occur in meiosis?

One round
Three rounds
Four rounds
Two rounds (correct)

What characterizes sister chromatids?

They are pairs of homologous chromosomes
They contain two different sets of chromosomes
They have different gene content
They are identical copies of the same chromosome (correct)

What is the primary function of gametes?

To carry half the genetic information for reproduction (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the daughter cells produced from mitosis?

They are genetically identical and diploid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during telophase II of meiosis?

The nuclear envelope redevelops (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why must gametes be haploid?

To maintain the diploid chromosome number in offspring (A) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during anaphase II of meiosis?

Sister chromatids are pulled apart (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where is most DNA located in a eukaryotic cell?

In the nucleus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly defines a gene?

A gene is the basic unit of heredity made up of DNA. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are chromosomes made of?

Protein and a single molecule of DNA (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes Chargaff's rule?

The amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is NOT part of a nucleotide?

Amino acid (C) Signup and view all the answers

How are nucleotides connected to form a DNA backbone?

By the action of DNA ligase fusing sugar-phosphate groups (D) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Interphase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the form of DNA known as in mitochondria?

Mitochondrial DNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes do human gametes have?

23 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the structure and function of a protein?

The order of nucleotide sequences in DNA (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a gene and an allele?

A gene codes for a trait, whereas an allele is a variation of that gene. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What phenotype is displayed by a heterozygous individual with the genotype Aa?

Dominant phenotype (A) Signup and view all the answers

How is a homozygous recessive organism represented genotypically?

aa (C) Signup and view all the answers

What would be the phenotypic ratio for a cross that results in 3 dominant traits to 1 recessive trait?

3:1 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a heterozygous genotype?

Aa (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does a Punnett square visualise?

The probability of genotypes and phenotypes of offspring (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does hemizygous mean in the context of males and X-linked genes?

Having one copy of a gene on the X chromosome (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes why males are more likely to express X-linked traits?

They have only one X chromosome, making all alleles expressed (D) Signup and view all the answers

How are traits shown in a pedigree chart?

Squares represent males, circles represent females, shaded for affected, unshaded for unaffected (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the geosphere refer to in Earth's systems?

The solid portions of Earth, including rocks and minerals (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following illustrates an interaction between the biosphere and atmosphere?

Plants taking in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which natural source contributes to atmospheric carbon dioxide levels?

Volcanic eruptions (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which describes a carbon sink?

A region that absorbs more carbon than it releases (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role does photosynthesis play in the carbon cycle?

It removes carbon from the atmosphere and stores it in plants (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of excess CO₂ in the atmosphere?

Intensification of the greenhouse effect (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does higher CO₂ levels influence global weather patterns?

They disrupt ocean currents and weather patterns (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a part of the Climate Action Plan to minimize climate change impacts?

Encourage waste generation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What major change in local ecosystems can arise due to climate change in coastal areas?

Diminished local fish populations (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which process in the water cycle relates to water moving from land to the atmosphere?

Evaporation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the role of temperature in pressure systems?

High temperatures cause low-pressure zones (C) Signup and view all the answers

What primarily drives surface ocean currents?

Wind patterns (C) Signup and view all the answers

What factor causes deep ocean currents?

Temperature and pressure variations (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using quadrats in ecological studies?

To measure species abundance and diversity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism of evolutionary change is characterized by random fluctuations in allele frequencies?

Genetic Drift (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which theory proposed that traits acquired during an organism's lifetime could be inherited?

Lamarckism (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is species richness a measure of in biodiversity studies?

The variety of different species in a community (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of evolutionary change?

Speciation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does Darwin's theory of descent with modification primarily emphasize?

That species evolve from a common ancestor (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do mutations contribute to evolutionary change?

They can introduce new traits into a population (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes natural selection?

It promotes the survival of better-adapted organisms (B) Signup and view all the answers

Haploid Cell

A cell containing only one set of chromosomes.

Diploid Cell

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes.