Podcast
Questions and Answers
What phenotype will all offspring exhibit from the cross pp * pp?
What phenotype will all offspring exhibit from the cross pp * pp?
What principle did Mendel discover regarding the inheritance of traits?
What principle did Mendel discover regarding the inheritance of traits?
What is the outcome of failing to separate homologous chromosomes during meiosis?
What is the outcome of failing to separate homologous chromosomes during meiosis?
What constitutes a complete set of chromosomes in an organism?
What constitutes a complete set of chromosomes in an organism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is it called when an animal's genotype can be influenced by selective breeding?
What is it called when an animal's genotype can be influenced by selective breeding?
Signup and view all the answers
What term refers to the production of sex cells?
What term refers to the production of sex cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement regarding mutations is accurate?
Which statement regarding mutations is accurate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes a type of chromosomal variation where a single chromosome is lost?
Which of the following describes a type of chromosomal variation where a single chromosome is lost?
Signup and view all the answers
In the relationship P = G + E, what does 'P' represent?
In the relationship P = G + E, what does 'P' represent?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the total number of chromosomes in dogs?
What is the total number of chromosomes in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What does grading up in animal breeding entail?
What does grading up in animal breeding entail?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement correctly describes aneuploidy?
Which statement correctly describes aneuploidy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which combination of sex chromosomes represents male birds?
Which combination of sex chromosomes represents male birds?
Signup and view all the answers
Flashcards
Phenotype
Phenotype
The observable physical traits of an organism, determined by its genotype.
Karyotype
Karyotype
A complete set of chromosomes in an organism, used to diagnose genetic disorders.
Mendel's Principle of Segregation
Mendel's Principle of Segregation
The principle stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation.
Trisomy 21
Trisomy 21
Signup and view all the flashcards
Incomplete dominance
Incomplete dominance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Gametogenesis
Gametogenesis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Harmful mutation
Harmful mutation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Polyploidy
Polyploidy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cross breeding
Cross breeding
Signup and view all the flashcards
Outcrossing
Outcrossing
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Genotypes and Phenotypes
- Genotype predicts phenotype; the genotype of parents can be used to predict the phenotype of offspring.
- Homozygous recessive offspring have the genotype pp.
Mendel's Discoveries
- Mendel discovered the principles of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment.
- Birds and mammals do not have the same sex chromosomes (false).
- An animal's genotype can be manipulated by breeding (true).
Karyotype
- A complete set of chromosomes is called a karyotype.
Chromosome Number
- All body cells, except gametes, have a diploid number of chromosomes.
- This is true.
- Down syndrome (trisomy 21) results from the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate normally during meiosis.
Predicting Offspring Genotypes
- Crossing two heterozygous parents (Yy x Yy) produces offspring with genotypes YY, Yy, and yy.
Dominance and Codominance
- Heterozygous black and white speckled chickens are an example of codominance.
- Many factors alter an animal's phenotype. This is true.
Genetic Disorders
- Gametogenesis is the term for producing sex cells.
- Only changes in chromosome structure can cause genetic disorders (false).
- Embryos have the diploid number of chromosomes, not a haploid number (false).
Mutations and Organism Survival
- Mutations can make an organism less able to survive and may cause death.
Animal Phenotypes
- Phenotypes include traits like eye color, hair color, height, and length of tail,
- Genotypes are the actual gene makeup.
Chromosomal Structure
- Chromosomes have specific shapes (metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, telocentric) based on centromere position.
Chromosomes and Cells
- Autosomes control somatic characteristics, while sex chromosomes control sexual characteristics.
- Two individuals with the same genotype in similar environments should have the same phenotype. (Relationship between phenotype and genotype P = G + E).
Polyploidy and Aneuploidy
- Polyploidy has a chromosomal number that is a multiple of the normal haploid number (3N or 4N).
- Aneuploidy results from the gain or loss of a single chromosome.
- Monosomy results in the loss of a single chromosome (2n—1).
- Trisomy results from the gain of a single chromosome (2n+1).
Chromosomal Variations
- Deletion, duplication, translocation, and inversion are variations in chromosome structure.
Mating Systems & Breeding
- Inbreeding increases homozygosity; line breeding is a form of inbreeding.
- Outbreeding increases heterozygosity.
- Outcrossing is outbreeding within a breed, while crossbreeding is breeding animals of different breeds.
- Domestication is the process of converting wild animals to domestic use.
Domestication Prerequisites
- Factors for domestication include animal adaptation to food types, ability to survive, and calm nature.
Animal Breeding Goals
- Breeding goals often include increasing productivity and bringing in desirable genes through methods like grading up (mating sires with commercial female grades).
Animal Health Effects
- Effects of animal breeding can include metabolic health problems for broilers, increased bone fractures in laying birds, and reduced fertility in dairy cows.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the foundations of genotypes and phenotypes with this quiz on Mendel's discoveries and inheritance patterns. Understand how to predict offspring genotypes and the significance of karyotypes and chromosome numbers. Test your knowledge on dominance and codominance in genetic traits.
