Genetics and Heredity

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Questions and Answers

Match the following genetic terms with their correct descriptions:

Allele = A variant form of a gene influencing a specific trait. Mutation = A change in the DNA sequence that can result in genetic variation. Genome = The complete set of genetic material present in an organism. Heredity = The transmission of traits from parents to offspring.

Match the cell types with their ploidy:

Somatic cell = Diploid Gamete = Haploid Stem Cell = Diploid Daughter cell after Mitosis = Diploid

Match the descriptions to the type of chromosome mutation they describe:

Duplication = A segment of a chromosome is repeated. Deletion = A portion of the chromosome is missing. Inversion = A segment of the chromosome is reversed. Translocation = A segment of one chromosome moves to another chromosome.

Match the genetic terms with their appropriate definitions related to gene expression:

<p>Gene regulation = Mechanisms that control gene activation and inactivation. Cell specialization = Process where cells develop distinct structures and functions. Homologous = Chromosome pairs carrying the same genes, but possibly different alleles. Double helix = The structure of DNA composed of two strands of nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell division processes with their unique characteristics:

<p>Mitosis = Produces two identical diploid cells. Meiosis = Forms haploid gametes for sexual reproduction. Cross = The breeding of two organisms to study inheritance patterns. Karyotype = A visual representation of all the chromosomes in a cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following inheritance patterns with their descriptions:

<p>Codominance = Both alleles are fully expressed simultaneously. Incomplete dominance = The heterozygous phenotype is a blend of both alleles. Probability = The likelihood that a specific genetic trait or event will occur. Heredity = The mechanism by which traits are passed from parents to offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the components with the description of their role in DNA structure and function:

<p>Nucleotides = Building blocks of DNA composed of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Double helix = The twisted, ladder-like structure of DNA made up of two strands of nucleotides. Codominance = Genetic scenario where both alleles in a gene pair are fully expressed. Stem cell = An undifferentiated cell that can develop into different cell types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their definition regarding cellular development and specialization:

<p>Somatic cell = Any body cell that is not a reproductive (gamete) cell. Stem cell = An undifferentiated cell that can develop into different cell types. Cell specialization = The process by which generic cells develop into specific types with unique functions. Homologous = Chromosome pairs that have the same structure and carry the same genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of genetic process to its direct result:

<p>Meiosis = Creation of haploid gametes. Mitosis = Production of two identical diploid cells. Mutation = Alteration in the DNA sequence. Duplication = Repetition of a segment of a chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the genetic term with its corresponding definition related to chromosomal organization:

<p>Karyotype = A visual representation of all chromosomes in a cell. Homologous = Chromosome pairs that have the same structure and genes. Genome = The complete set of genetic material in an organism. Double helix = The structure of DNA composed of two strands of nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Somatic cell

Any body cell that is not a reproductive (gamete) cell.

Diploid

A cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Haploid

A cell that contains only one set of chromosomes, such as a sperm or egg cell.

Double helix

The twisted ladder shape of DNA, made up of two strands of nucleotides.

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Codominance

A genetic scenario where both alleles in a gene pair are fully expressed.

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Homologous

Chromosome pairs that have the same structure and carry the same genes, one from each parent.

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Mutation

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to genetic variation or disease.

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Mitosis

The process of cell division that results in two identical diploid daughter cells.

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Allele

A variant form of a gene that determines specific traits.

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Heredity

The passing of traits from parents to offspring through genes.

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Study Notes

  • Somatic cells are any body cell that is not a reproductive (gamete) cell.
  • Diploid cells contain two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
  • Haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes, such as sperm or egg cells.
  • DNA's double helix shape is a twisted ladder made up of two nucleotide strands.
  • Nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA and RNA, consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
  • Codominance is a genetic scenario where both alleles in a gene pair are fully expressed, such as AB blood type.
  • A cross is the breeding of two organisms to study inheritance patterns.
  • Probability is the likelihood that a specific genetic trait or event will occur.
  • Incomplete dominance occurs when neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a blended phenotype.
  • A karyotype is a visual representation of all the chromosomes in a cell, used to detect genetic disorders.
  • Homologous chromosomes pairs share the same structure and carry the same genes, one from each parent.
  • A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that can develop into different cell types.
  • Cell specialization is the process by which generic cells develop into specific types with unique functions.
  • Gene regulation refers to the mechanisms that control which genes are turned on or off in a cell.
  • A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to genetic variation or disease.
  • Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical diploid daughter cells.
  • Meiosis is the process of cell division that creates haploid gametes (sperm and eggs) for reproduction.
  • A genome constitutes the complete set of genetic material in an organism.
  • An allele is a variant form of a gene that determines specific traits.
  • Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring through genes.
  • Duplication is a mutation where a segment of a chromosome is copied and appears twice.
  • Deletion is a mutation where a part of a chromosome is lost or removed.
  • Inversion is a chromosome mutation where a segment is reversed end to end.
  • Translocation is a mutation where a segment of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome.

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