Cell Biology: DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the TRP operon?

  • Regulation of gene expression
  • Metabolism of lactose
  • Production of tryptophan (correct)
  • Transport of glucose
  • What is the result of high glucose levels on the lac operon?

  • It has no effect on the lac operon
  • It turns on the lac operon
  • It increases the expression of the lac operon
  • It turns off the lac operon (correct)
  • What is the term for a set of structural genes controlled by one sensor site?

  • Gene-battery (correct)
  • Integrator gene
  • Operon
  • Receptor site
  • What is the name of the operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in E. coli?

    <p>LAC operon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of control system depicted in Fig. 86?

    <p>Positive transcriptional control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription?

    <p>Transcriptional control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of transposons?

    <p>To move around to different positions in the genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of a transposon inserting itself into a functional gene?

    <p>Gene damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential problem presented by the presence of a string of identical repeated sequences during meiosis?

    <p>Imprecise pairing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of chromosomal damage that can be caused by transposons?

    <p>Double-stranded breaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transposons in mutation?

    <p>Causing mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of N-terminal myristoylation in protein localization?

    <p>To act as a conformational localization switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of S-palmitoylation in protein localization?

    <p>To permanently anchor the protein to the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the entire DNA in a human cell is made up of genes that contain the information codes for making proteins?

    <p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of S-prenylation in protein localization?

    <p>To covalently add a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl group to specific cysteine residues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of genes in DNA?

    <p>To provide instructions for specific proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of protein cleavage in protein modification?

    <p>To play a central role in the modification of protein activity, structure and localization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the segments of DNA that do not code for proteins?

    <p>Non-coding DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure formed in metaphase chromosomes?

    <p>A highly compacted structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of processing the inactive proinsulin to the active insulin?

    <p>The removal of the C-peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of proteases in protein modification?

    <p>To cleave the peptide bonds of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the physical appearance of a set of chromosomes?

    <p>Karyotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is DNA found in a cell, apart from the nucleus?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of unequal crossover in pairing?

    <p>Duplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Inborn Errors in Metabolism?

    <p>Defects in specific proteins (enzymes)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disorder characterized by the accumulation of substrate behind a block in a metabolic pathway?

    <p>Inborn Error in Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of Inborn Error in Metabolism?

    <p>Muscular Dystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease characterized by the accumulation of certain compounds that give urine a maple syrup-like odor?

    <p>Maple Syrup Urine Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of Inborn Errors in Metabolism are mentioned in the text?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

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