Genetics and Genetic Engineering Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is an example of a product of genetic engineering in agriculture?

  • Heritage corn
  • Wild berries
  • Seedless grapes (correct)
  • Organic tomatoes

    • Which statement correctly describes the genetic engineering of glow-in-the-dark cats?

  • They were created using DNA from fireflies.
  • They were developed to improve eyesight.
  • They were designed to absorb more sunlight.
  • A virus was used to insert jellyfish DNA. (correct)

    • Which ancient civilization speculated about heredity around 420 B.C.?

  • Romans
  • Chinese
  • Egyptians
  • Greeks (correct)

    • What was the first instance of artificial selection noted in history?

    <p>Domestication of horses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what century did biological studies begin to significantly impact the understanding of genetics?

    <p>19th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT represent a product of genetic engineering?

    <p>Naturally bred vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the concept of heredity important in the development of genetics?

    <p>It established inheritance patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recombinant DNA technology primarily used for?

    <p>Combining genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which milestone in genetic engineering occurred first?

    <p>The invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the first transgenic dairy cow created by GenPharm International in the 1990s?

    <p>To produce human milk proteins for infant formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>The joining together of DNA molecules from different organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant development was announced nearly two decades after the launch of the Human Genome Initiative?

    <p>The completion of the Human Genome Project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary application of recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>Producing insulin for diabetes treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was the first successful gene therapy conducted for ADA deficiency?

    <p>1990</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientific breakthrough was highlighted in 1997?

    <p>Birth of Dolly the sheep, the first mammalian clone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do bacterial or yeast cells play in recombinant DNA research?

    <p>They act as hosts to propagate engineered DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>To cut DNA at specific sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step involves introducing recombinant DNA into a host cell?

    <p>Insertion of Recombinant DNA Into Host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DNA ligase do in recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>It attaches two pieces of DNA together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>To amplify DNA into millions of copies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a step in the recombinant DNA technology process?

    <p>Gene sequencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a plasmid?

    <p>A small circular DNA molecule in bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is electroporation used for in genetic engineering?

    <p>To deliver genes into cells without a vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the function of cohesive (sticky) ends produced by restriction enzymes?

    <p>They can join with complementary DNA fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using accurately pulsed electrical current in gene transfer?

    <p>To facilitate the movement of molecules into the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines recombinant DNA?

    <p>DNA from two or more different sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques can be used for protoplast fusion?

    <p>Chemical and physical methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tools is critical in recombinant DNA technology for cutting DNA?

    <p>Restriction endonucleases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes microinjection?

    <p>A process involving the use of a fine-tipped glass needle to insert DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of genetically engineered bacteriophages in transduction?

    <p>To introduce recombinant DNA into cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the leading figures in developing the early techniques of recombinant DNA technology between 1972 and 1974?

    <p>Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gene therapy primarily concerned with?

    <p>Removing defective genes and replacing them with functional genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecule did Cohen and Boyer use to create genetically modified organisms?

    <p>Recombinant plasmid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the December 2, 1980 patent regarding recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>It was the first patent for a genetically modified organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a product of recombinant DNA technology used in medicine?

    <p>Recombinant Human Growth Hormone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism has been modified to produce diesel fuel as a byproduct?

    <p>Cyanobacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property does the ability of bacteria to swap plasmids allow them to possess?

    <p>Resistance to antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disease is linked to a defect in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA)?

    <p>Severe Combined Immuno-Deficiency (SCID).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'molecular chimeras' refer to in the context of recombinant DNA?

    <p>DNA consisting of parts from two different organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did Mendel publish his work on pea plants?

    <p>1865</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with identifying the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase in 1970?

    <p>David Baltimore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contribution did Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins make in the early 1950s?

    <p>Obtained X-ray diffraction data for DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant discovery did Hershey and Chase make in 1951?

    <p>Hereditary material is DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization first produced recombinant DNA in 1972?

    <p>Boyers Laboratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the major contribution of Werner Arber in the late 1960s?

    <p>Identified restriction enzymes in bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is associated with X-ray crystallography applied by the Braggs?

    <p>Studying DNA structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What innovation occurred in 1976 in the context of biotechnology?

    <p>First biotechnology company Genentech was established</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Assignment Instructions

    • Create a one-page document.
    • List at least five products of genetic engineering across Medicine, Agriculture, Industry, or Environment.
    • Select one product and explain why and how it was engineered, along with its advantages and disadvantages.

    Examples of Genetic Engineering Products

    • Glow-in-the-dark cats: Scientists used a virus to introduce jellyfish DNA, resulting in fluorescent proteins in their fur.
    • Fast-growing salmon: This salmon genetically modified with growth hormones from other fishes reaches a larger size in 18 months.
    • Seedless grapes: These grapes have been genetically modified to reduce or eliminate the presence of seeds.
    • Disease-resistant rice: Scientists have engineered rice varieties to resist specific diseases, enhancing crop yield.
    • Enhanced Nutritional Value in crops: Crops with genetically modified genes can have better or increased nutritional value such as vitamin content.
    • Insect-Resistant Crops: These crops have been genetically modified to withstand insect pests, promoting crop yield by reducing pest damage.
    • Herbicide-Resistant Crops: Modified crops can withstand herbicides, which can be utilized in farming practices to eliminate unwanted plants.
    • Drought/Freeze-resistant crops: Crops have been made resistant to extreme weather or temperature conditions.
    • Faster growing crops: Crops with faster growth cycles promote high yield output.
    • Improved shelf-life in food products: Some foods can have extended shelf-life through genetic modifications for longer storage.
    • Enhanced Color in fruits and vegetables; crops such as tomatoes can have a variation in colors and better quality.

    Detailed Explanation of a Genetic Engineering Product (Example: Fast-Growing Salmon)

    • Why engineered?: Increased growth rate of salmon within a shorter timeframe increases the output of food product production.

    • How engineered?: Genes from other fish types were introduced into salmon, triggering continuous growth hormone production.

    • Advantages:

    • Faster production of salmon.

    • Improved fish yield, which increased output.

    • Economic benefits for fish farmers.

    • Disadvantages:

    • Potential environmental impact, due to interspecies competition or genetic drift.

    • Concerns about the safety of consuming GM salmon.

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    Related Documents

    Recombinant DNA PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of genetics and genetic engineering with this quiz. Explore topics ranging from ancient civilizations' understanding of heredity to modern applications of recombinant DNA technology. Challenge yourself with questions on artificial selection and the products of genetic engineering in agriculture.

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