Recombinant DNA Technology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a process involved in creating recombinant DNA?

  • Gene Cloning
  • Gene Design
  • Microbial Fermentation (correct)
  • DNA Extraction

The application of recombinant DNA technology in the agricultural industry primarily involves:

  • Increasing crop yield
  • Developing disease-resistant crops
  • Improving nutritional content of crops
  • All of the above (correct)

Which step in the recombinant DNA process involves introducing a foreign gene into a host cell?

  • Transformation (correct)
  • Gene Cloning
  • DNA Extraction
  • Gene Design

What is the primary purpose of 'Gene Cloning' in the context of recombinant DNA?

<p>Creating multiple copies of a specific gene. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of genetic modification methods?

<p>To transport new genes into the cell nucleus without harming the cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is NOT involved in Recombinant DNA Technology or Genetic Engineering?

<p>Cell Division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Backcross Breeding in the production of genetically engineered crops?

<p>To introduce the transgene into an elite breeding line. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a genetically engineered crop used in the agricultural industry?

<p>Soy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of recombinant human growth hormone produced through genetic engineering?

<p>Supporting normal growth and development in patients with pituitary gland malfunctions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geological era is the oldest?

<p>Pre-Cambrian (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Mesozoic era is known as the Age of Reptiles. Which of the following periods is NOT part of the Mesozoic era?

<p>Permian (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which time period did dinosaurs go extinct?

<p>Cretaceous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the smallest division of geologic time?

<p>Epoch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the depth of sedimentary rock layers and the age of the rock?

<p>The deeper the layer, the older the rock. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate age of the Earth, based on the information provided?

<p>4.6 billion years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the interval of time that represents Earth's geologic history?

<p>Geologic Time Scale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the starting point of formal geologic time?

<p>The beginning of the Archean Eon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did James Hutton's observations of sedimentary rocks and fossils lead him to believe?

<p>That rocks and fossils formed over millions of years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is often referred to as the "father of geology"?

<p>James Hutton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which period did the first flowering plants emerge?

<p>Jurassic Period (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which era is characterized by the dominance of amphibians?

<p>Paleozoic Era (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Cenozoic era?

<p>Dominance of Humans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which period is associated with the extinction of trilobites?

<p>Permian Period (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which period did the first land plants emerge?

<p>Devonian Period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a homologous structure?

<p>The flippers of a whale and the forelimbs of a human (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of vestigial structures?

<p>To demonstrate the evolutionary history of an organism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a vestigial structure?

<p>The wings of an ostrich (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why scientists use anatomical evidence to determine evolutionary relationships?

<p>Anatomical similarities can be traced back to a common ancestor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Analogous structures are different from homologous structures in that they:

<p>Are similar in function but not in structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of gene cloning in recombinant DNA technology?

<p>To create a large number of copies of the gene of interest. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

<p>They are used to cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing for the insertion of foreign DNA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method used to introduce recombinant DNA into a host organism?

<p>Transcription (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the discovery of restriction enzymes for the development of recombinant DNA technology?

<p>Restriction enzymes allowed for the precise cutting and pasting of DNA fragments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using recombinant DNA technology in agriculture?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using restriction enzymes in the construction of a DNA library?

<p>To cut DNA at specific sites, generating fragments for library construction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique is commonly employed to identify specific DNA sequences within a library?

<p>Southern blotting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a direct application of genetic engineering in plants?

<p>Modifying plant genes to produce vaccines. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of plasmids in the creation of a DNA library?

<p>To serve as vectors for carrying and replicating cloned DNA fragments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a DNA library and a DNA fingerprint?

<p>DNA library is used for cloning, while a DNA fingerprint is used for identification. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the primary concerns associated with the creation of organisms expressing recombinant DNA?

<p>The possibility of creating harmful or unpredictable organisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a crucial step in the cloning process of Dolly the sheep?

<p>Fusing the mammary cell with an enucleated egg cell using electrical pulses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the legality of cloning in the US is correct?

<p>There are currently no federal laws prohibiting human cloning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between recombinant DNA and cloning?

<p>Recombinant DNA involves combining DNA from different organisms, while cloning creates an exact copy of an existing organism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider the potential risks associated with organisms expressing recombinant DNA?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of evolution as described in the content?

<p>It is a process of change that leads to distinguishing characteristics in organisms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of evidence is mentioned as supporting the concept of evolution?

<p>Fossils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes homologous structures from analogous structures?

<p>Homologous structures arise from similar evolutionary paths while analogous structures do not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of evidence related to evolution is specifically linked to the development of embryos?

<p>Embryological evidence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of evidence is used to analyze genetic material in relation to evolution?

<p>Biomolecular evidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

DNA Library

A collection of DNA fragments from an organism's genome.

Genetic Engineering in Plants

Modifying plant genes for traits like resistance or productivity.

Preliminary Screening of Clones

Initial testing of clones often using specific methods.

DNA Fingerprints

Unique patterns in DNA that identify individuals.

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Restriction Endonucleases

Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences.

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Recombinant DNA

Artificial DNA created by combining DNA from different sources.

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Recombinant DNA Technology

Process of producing artificial DNA through genetic engineering.

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Restriction Enzymes

Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences, crucial for DNA manipulation.

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Gene Cloning

Copying a specific gene to isolate and produce many identical copies.

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Transformation

The process of inserting modified genes into host cells.

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DNA Extraction

The process of isolating DNA from cells or tissues.

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Applications of Recombinant DNA

Uses of recombinant DNA technology in various industries like food and medicine.

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Backcross Breeding

Merging transgenic plants with elite breeding lines through traditional methods.

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Golden Rice

Genetically engineered rice that produces beta-carotene to combat vitamin A deficiency.

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Recombinant Human Growth Hormone

A synthesized hormone used to aid growth in patients with deficiencies.

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Transgenic Crops

Crops modified with recombinant DNA to improve traits like herbicide resistance.

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Recombinant DNA safety

Recombinant DNA is usually not seen as dangerous today, but concerns exist.

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Dolly the sheep cloning

Dolly was cloned from a mammary gland cell fused with an egg cell nucleus.

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Human cloning legality

There are no federal laws banning human cloning in the US, but Congress has voted on it multiple times.

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Concerns of recombinant organisms

Concerns rise when recombinant organisms exit labs and enter ecosystems or food chains.

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Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act

A legislative act that addressed bans on various forms of human cloning.

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Geologic Time Scale

A division of Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs.

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Eons

The largest division of geological time, encompassing multiple eras.

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Cenozoic Era

The most recent era, known as the Age of Mammals.

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Mesozoic Era

The era known as the Age of Reptiles, including dinosaurs.

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Paleozoic Era

An era famous for the Age of Invertebrates and Fishes before reptiles.

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Quaternary Period

The most recent period in the geologic timetable, starting around 1 MYA, marked by the dominance of humans.

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Cretaceous Period

A geologic period 130 MYA known for the dominance of reptiles and the extinction of dinosaurs.

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Pleistocene Epoch

Part of the Quaternary Period, characterized by repeated glaciations and early human ancestors.

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Triassic Period

A geologic period 230 MYA marked by the dominance of dinosaurs and the appearance of the first mammals.

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Devonian Period

A period occurring 400 MYA, crucial for the dominance of fishes and emergence of first land plants.

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Evolution

A process of change in organisms acquiring distinct characteristics.

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Fossils

Remains of ancient organisms used as evidence for evolution.

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Homologous Structures

Similar structures in different species showing common ancestry.

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Analogous Structures

Body parts in different species with similar functions but different origins.

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Pieces of Evidence for Evolution

Types of evidence including anatomical, embryological, and biomolecular findings.

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Vestigial Structures

Nonfunctional remnants showing common ancestry, like the human tailbone.

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Anatomical Evidence

Physical traits used to determine evolutionary relationships among organisms.

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Hadean Eon

The informal period from Earth's formation (4.6 billion years ago) to the beginning of the Archean Eon.

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James Hutton

An 18th-century scientist known as the 'father of geology' for establishing the concept of deep time.

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Processes of Erosion

Natural processes that wear down rocks and landforms over long periods, shaping Earth's geology.

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Sedimentary Rocks

Rocks formed by the accumulation of sediments, often containing fossils.

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Study Notes

Recombinant DNA Technology

  • Recombinant DNA is DNA that has been created artificially. DNA from two or more sources is incorporated into a single recombinant molecule to produce new genetic combinations that are of value to science, medicine, agriculture, and industry.

What is Recombinant DNA Technology?

  • The technology used for producing artificial DNA through the combination of different genetic materials (DNA) from different sources is referred to as Recombinant DNA Technology.
  • Recombinant DNA technology is popularly known as genetic engineering.
  • The recombinant DNA technology emerged with the discovery of restriction enzymes in the year 1968 by Swiss microbiologist Werner Arber.

Process on Recombinant DNA Technology

  • The first step is DNA Extraction. In order to work with DNA, scientists must extract it from the desired organism. A sample of an organism containing the gene of interest is taken through a series of steps to remove the DNA.
  • Next is Gene Cloning. Scientists use gene cloning to separate the single gene of interest from the rest of the genes extracted and make thousands of copies of it.
  • After is Gene Design. Once a gene has been cloned, genetic engineers begin designing the gene to work once inside a different organism. This is done in a test tube by cutting the gene apart with enzymes and replacing gene regions that have been separated.
  • How'bout the fourth step? It's Transformation. The new gene is inserted into some of the cells using various techniques (gene gun, agrobacterium, microfibers, and electroporation). The main goal of each of these methods is to transport the new gene(s) and deliver them into the nucleus of a cell without killing it.

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