Genetics and Biotech: Section 1

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Which scientist generated the X-ray crystallography data that was crucial to Watson and Crick's 3D model of the structure of DNA?

Marshall Nirenberg

Francis Crick

Rosalind Franklin (correct)

Robert Holley

What is the term for the process by which information encoded within nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) is translated into amino acid sequences that comprise protein molecules?

Deciphering the genetic code (correct)

Translation

Transcription

Gene expression

In what year did Frederick Sanger develop the chain termination method for DNA sequencing?

1977 (correct)

1966

1973

1983

What is the unit of measurement for a trillion base pairs in genomics?

Tb Signup and view all the answers

What was the approximate cost of sequencing a mammalian genome in 2022?

€200 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nuclear genetic material?

To store genetic information Signup and view all the answers

Who are the scientists credited with discovering the structure of DNA?

James Watson and Francis Crick Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the complete set of genetic instructions for an organism?

Genome Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the system of units used to measure length in biology?

International System of Units (SI) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the molecule that carries genetic information?

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the continual assessment in the ANSC20010 module?

To provide feedback on students' performance throughout the trimester Signup and view all the answers

Where can students access the ANSC20010 lecture slide notes?

On the Brightspace VLE platform Signup and view all the answers

What is the format of the end-of-trimester assessment in the ANSC20010 module?

Multiple choice questions (MCQ) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ANSC20010 lecture slide notes on the Brightspace VLE?

To facilitate note-taking during lectures Signup and view all the answers

How do students submit their answers for the continual assessment assignments?

Through the UCD Brightspace eLearning platform Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the field of genetics?

The study of the inheritance of biological traits and variation in biological traits Signup and view all the answers

What type of trait is controlled by a single gene?

Monogenic trait Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the change in genes and genetic variation within populations over time?

Microevolution Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding evolutionary relationships between populations and species?

It has implications for agriculture, medicine, forensics, and biological conservation Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic unit of heredity that controls or contributes to biological traits?

Gene Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the six major sections covered in the ANSC20010 module?

Delving into the mechanisms of genetic inheritance and variation Signup and view all the answers

During which process does the number of chromosomes in a cell decrease by half?

Meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the topics covered in sections 1 and 3 of the ANSC20010 module?

Section 1 focuses on cellular division, while section 3 focuses on genetic inheritance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of the knowledge gained from the study of population and evolutionary genetics?

Understanding the evolution of species and populations Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of lectures covered in the ANSC20010 module?

32-34 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the genetic difference between gametes formed during meiosis?

Independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental basis of Mendel's laws of inheritance?

The behavior of chromosomes during meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of changes in the DNA sequence of a gene?

Genetic diversity in a population Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNA replication, transcription, and translation?

To direct cellular processes and maintain genetic information Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of population and evolutionary genetics?

The study of evolutionary theory and the mechanisms of evolution Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural organization of chromatin in a eukaryotic chromosome?

A single double-stranded DNA molecule is tightly coiled around discrete evenly spaced nucleosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of chromosomes in a human diploid cell?

46 chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the number of chromosomes in a gamete cell?

Haploid Signup and view all the answers

During cell division, what is the process by which the DNA replicates and each chromosome consists of two duplicate chromosome arms?

DNA replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure formed by the coiling of the 30-nm chromatin fiber?

Looped domains Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the relaxed state of DNA when cells are not actively dividing?

Open chromatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of histone proteins in chromatin packaging?

To provide a scaffold for DNA coiling Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of a metaphase chromosome?

700 nm Signup and view all the answers

How are chromosomes organized in a eukaryotic cell?

As a single double-stranded DNA molecule tightly coiled around nucleosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the repeating units of DNA and histone proteins in chromatin?

Nucleosomes Signup and view all the answers