Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
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Questions and Answers

What does GMO stand for?

  • Genetically Modified Organism Only
  • Growth Manipulated Organism
  • Genetically Modified Output
  • Genetically Modified Organism (correct)

The Philippines was the first country in Asia to approve the commercial cultivation of GMOs.

True (A)

Which genetically modified organism is known for having a higher yield in growth?

  • Periwinkle Plants
  • Aquadvantage Salmon (correct)
  • Blue Roses
  • Poplar Trees

What is the primary goal of biotechnology?

<p>To provide means to feed the world's hungry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have no impact on flower production.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bt corn is an example of a genetically modified plant for __________ resistance.

<p>pest</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genetically modified organism is known for being fortified with Vitamin A and iron?

<p>Golden Rice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one plant that is modified for producing an important pharmaceutical compound.

<p>Periwinkle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is CGTase and its application in food processing?

<p>A flavor enhancer enzyme produced by bacillus bacterium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Former Senator Juan Flavier's bill on mandatory labeling of GMO foods was passed by the Senate.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are safe for human consumption.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following GMOs with their applications:

<p>Aquadvantage Salmon = Higher yield in food production Blue Roses = Modification of flower colors Poplar Trees = Higher yield in paper production Humulin = Genetically engineered insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the genetically modified organisms with their specific traits:

<p>Bt corn = Pest resistance GM Papaya = Virus resistance Golden Rice = Fortification with Vitamin A Arctic Apple = Cosmetic preservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of using GMO crops in farming?

<p>Higher yields and reduced pest issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

GMO modification can reduce the use of herbicides or pesticides.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Modified plants like Nicotiana glauca are used in _____ to help reverse pollution damage.

<p>bioremediation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential outcome of using genetically modified (GM) crops?

<p>Increased insect resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name an example of a genetically modified organism that exhibits herbicide tolerance.

<p>Roundup Ready Soybean</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organization was created to develop international food safety standards, including for GM foods?

<p>Codex Alimentarius Commission</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ____ Protocol on Biosafety regulates the transboundary movement of Living Modified Organisms (LMOs).

<p>Cartagena</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following GM crop effects with their descriptions:

<p>Pest resurgence = Insects becoming resistant to chemical treatments Gene mutation = Changes in microorganisms in the digestive system More allergic reactions = Potential for new allergies due to genetic alteration Nutritional value = Changes in the nutritional content of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Codex Alimentarius only provides guidelines for organic food.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may happen to bacteria as a result of consuming GMO foods?

<p>They may become resistant to antibiotics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of GMO usage?

<p>Guaranteed immunity from all pests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Genetic Engineering Definition

Deliberately changing an organism's genes, often involving transferring genes from one organism to another.

GMO (Genetically Modified Organism)

An organism whose genetic material has been altered in a way that does not happen naturally through mating or natural recombination.

Pest Resistance (GMO)

Genetically modified plants designed to withstand pests.

Virus Resistance (GMO)

Genetically modified plants that resist certain viruses, like the Papaya Ringspot Virus.

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Herbicide Tolerance (GMO)

Genetically modified plants that can survive exposure to herbicides.

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GMO Fortification

Genetically modifying plants to have more nutrients, like vitamins.

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Cosmetic Preservation (GMO)

Genetically modifying to improve the appearance or shelf-life of plants, such as preventing apples from browning.

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Basic Goal of Biotechnology

To find ways to feed the hungry population of the world.

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Higher Yield GMOs

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can produce more than their non-modified counterparts. This can be seen in crops like Aquadvantage Salmon, which has higher growth rates.

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GMOs for Paper Production

Genetic modifications can improve the yield of trees for paper production. Poplar trees are an example where modifications increase paper production.

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GMOs in Pharmaceuticals

Genetically modified plants can produce pharmaceuticals. For example, a modified periwinkle plant produces more vinblastine, a compound used in cancer treatments.

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Bioremediation with GMOs

Genetically modified plants can help clean up polluted environments. Nicotiana glauca (shrub tobacco) can absorb heavy metals like lead, zinc, and cadmium.

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GMOs for Enzyme Production

Modified microorganisms can produce enzymes used in food processing and medicine. CGTase, a flavor enhancer, is produced in higher quantities using genetically modified bacteria.

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GMOs in Medical Research

Genetically modified organisms contribute to diagnosing diseases, producing drugs, and conducting research in gene therapy.

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Reduced Herbicide/Pesticide Use

GMO crops can be engineered to be resistant to pests and diseases, reducing the need for herbicides and pesticides.

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Increased Harvest from GMOs

GMO crops resistant to pests and diseases lead to increased harvests due to higher potential growth.

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Enhanced Color & Taste

GMOs can modify how food looks and tastes, making it more visually appealing and delicious.

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Longer Shelf Life

GMOs can slow down the decay process, allowing foods to stay fresh for a longer period.

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Enzyme Production

GMOs can be designed to produce more or less of specific enzymes, affecting the food's properties.

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Non-Target Species

GMOs intended for pest control might harm other organisms in the ecosystem.

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Gene Transfer

Genes from GMO crops can transfer to soil or human intestines, potentially affecting the ecosystem or human health.

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Pest Resurgence

Repeated use of GMOs resistant to specific pests can lead to pest populations becoming more resistant over time.

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Ecosystem Imbalance

GMOs can disrupt natural cycles by affecting predator-prey relationships or altering biochemical processes.

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Allergic Reactions

GMOs can trigger new allergies or intensify existing ones by altering our genes or immune system.

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Study Notes

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

  • GMOs are organisms created through genetic engineering, where genetic material is altered in ways not possible through natural processes.
  • Genetic mutations or recombination are normal processes during cell division, and variations in genes can help individuals survive and reproduce.
  • Humans have modified organisms for thousands of years, using breeding to get desired traits.
  • Modern biotechnology allows direct modification of the DNA in microorganisms, plants, and animals.
  • Genetic engineering, deliberate manipulation of an organism's genes, involves transferring genes from one organism to another.
  • The goal of biotechnology is to increase food production for a growing population.
  • GMOs are used in various industries, including agriculture.

Top Five GMO Farmlands Countries

  • United States
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • India
  • Canada
  • The Philippines was the first Asian country to commercially cultivate GMO corn (2002).

GMOs in Food and Agricultural Industries

  • GMOs in agriculture include pest resistance (e.g., Bt corn), virus resistance (e.g., Rainbow Papaya), herbicide tolerance (e.g., Roundup Ready Soybean), fortification (e.g., Golden Rice), cosmetic preservation (e.g., Arctic Apple).
  • GMOs also have applications in non-food crops and microorganisms, such as flower production and paper production.
  • GMOs improve efficiency in farming by, for example, lowering pesticide use.

GMOs in the Medical Field

  • GMOs play a role in diagnosing conditions, producing medications, and conducting research
  • Examples include the production of insulin for diabetes patients (Humulin) and use in pharmaceutical products (e.g., periwinkle plant-based medications).

Potential Risks of GMOs

  • Insect-resistant GMOs could harm non-target species.
  • Pests could become resistant to chemicals.
  • GMOs may affect natural biochemical cycles (ecosystem).
  • GMO foods may increase allergy risk or lead to new allergic reactions.
  • There is a possibility that GMOs can alter the balance of microorganisms in the human digestive system making it more prone to antibiotic resistance.
  • GMO foods could alter the nutritional value.

Codex Alimentarius Commission (CODEX)

  • The Codex is an intergovernmental body created by the FAO and WHO to develop international food standards, codes of practice, guidelines, and recommendations on food safety.

Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

  • This international treaty regulates the transboundary movement of living modified organisms.
  • Exporters must obtain consent from importing countries before shipment.

Genetically Modified Food Labeling

  • International trade agreements require labeling of genetically modified (GM) food products.
  • This allows consumers to make informed choices.

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GE102-9 GMO PDF

Description

Explore the fascinating world of genetically modified organisms in this quiz. Learn how GMOs are created, their benefits in agriculture, and the top countries involved in GMO cultivation. Test your knowledge about biotechnology and its impact on food production.

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