Genetic Variation and Polymorphism in Theme 5 Modules 1-2
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Questions and Answers

What is the genetic condition characterized by having 3 X chromosomes?

  • Klinefelter Syndrome
  • Triple X Syndrome (correct)
  • Turner Syndrome
  • Jacobs Syndrome

What genetic event leads to Down syndrome?

  • Trisomy 13
  • Trisomy 21 (correct)
  • Monosomy X0
  • Trisomy 18

What procedure involves taking amniotic fluid to conduct biochemical tests for genetic screening?

  • Chorionic Villus Sampling
  • Karyotype analysis
  • Blood test with phytohemagglutinin
  • Amniocentesis (correct)

In which genetic condition do males have an extra X chromosome, resulting in small testes and a feminine body contour?

<p>Klinefelter Syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aneuploidy refers to a condition involving:

<p>Too many or too few chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the SBE1 gene contribute to pea development?

<p>Converts sugar into starch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis I or sister chromatids in meiosis II?

<p>Nondisjunction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Mendelian genetics, what did scientists in the 1800s believe about how genetic material from parents combined?

<p>It mixes together in a blending hypothesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the orderly display of an individual's chromosomes?

<p>Karyotype (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law of Mendelian genetics explains how two alleles of a gene separate into different gametes during gamete formation?

<p>Law of segregation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During independent assortment in genetics, which chromosomes segregate independently if they are close together?

<p>Linked genes on the same chromosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a monohybrid cross of homozygous plants for both seed color and seed texture traits, what would be the phenotype of the F1 offspring?

<p>All yellow and smooth peas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In meiosis, what is the function of the synaptonemal complex?

<p>Holds homologous chromosomes together during synapsis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mentioned in the text?

<p>Serve as DNA markers outside genes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does sickle cell anemia provide a selective advantage in malaria areas?

<p>Through resistance to malaria infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tandem repeats in genetic variation?

<p>Identify unique individuals through VNTRs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used to detect variations in copy number variations (CNVs)?

<p>DNA microarray analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes sickle cell anemia at the molecular level?

<p>Single nucleotide substitution in the Beta-globin gene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate to opposite poles?

<p>Anaphase I (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of copy number variations (CNVs) in genetic analysis?

<p>Identify variations in DNA sequence length (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute to haplotype grouping?

<p>By being shared among individuals within haplotype groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the structure of HbS protein in individuals with sickle cell trait?

<p>It has a valine substitution due to a single nucleotide mutation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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